英語短文改錯解題技巧
發(fā)布時間:2017-02-07 來源: 短文摘抄 點擊:
英語短文改錯解題技巧篇一:高中英語短文改錯題做題技巧探秘
短文改錯技巧、
三、歸納短文改錯錯誤類型:
(一) 詞法的測試
1.名詞:主要是查名詞是否可數,與其修飾語是否一致。 eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可數名詞,在這要用復數形式;playing football是一項運動,football只是一種球; sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運動講是不可數名詞,do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式,謂動用單數;healthy是形容詞, 這里要用名詞形式。 3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名詞應用復數形式。
2. 代詞:對于短文中出現的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的
內容及在句中的作用,注意其數、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,常考的代詞包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關系代詞及疑問代詞等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代,故應將her改為him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行詞前有最高級修飾應用關系代詞that 而不是which。
3. 冠詞:英語中只有三個冠詞,但用起來卻很復雜,在短文改
錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things?
letter為可數名詞,故write后應加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改為an
4. 介詞:檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配,
介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配,故應將with 改為for.
2) ?I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表達的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應將in改為 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I ?under 改為 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday.in 改為on
5. 形容詞、副詞:形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤
用也是?嫉母腻e項目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞,應用形容詞no來修飾,而not是副詞,副詞不能修飾名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.(NMET2007)
此處有I’ve ever seen限定,應用最高級,故happier應改為 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy.easy 改為easily.
4) These books are very worth reading.用well 修飾
6. 連詞:短文改錯中出現連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,是否
符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關系。此
外如果是平行結構就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題
平行結構常借助與并列連詞and , or , but ,
not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導原因狀語從句,因此后句不能再用so,故應把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根據上下文意思判斷,前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折,
所以but應改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。
7. 動詞:動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯誤
包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤;易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動
詞的第三人稱單數錯誤;動詞的非謂語形式,以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中,動詞方面的考查比例較大。
1) 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos動作發(fā)生在過去,應用過去時.
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根據本句意義,should后應加上been,構成被動語態(tài)。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing改為 play; for 改為with
2) 易混動詞使用錯誤
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意為“說服”,強調成功的結果,而根據下句 he
didn’t listen可知,勸說并沒有成功,故應改persuaded為 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物動詞,而raise是及物動詞,所以舉手應用
raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。
3) 非謂語動詞使用錯誤
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介詞,應加動名詞,將see改為seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情況下keep均和doing連用,如keep doing sth.;
keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep ?from doing? 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名詞,而不是動詞原形,不能直接用to.
8. 詞語固定搭配:
主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、
動詞的固定搭配;及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“寫日記”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game?(NMET2005)
此題考查it的功能,It + be + adj. + to do為固定結構。
4) ?the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析:
not only? but also?為固定結構,故將and 改為but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結構
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結構
(一) 詞法的測試
1. 名詞:主要是查名詞是否可數,與其修飾語是否一致。
2. 代詞:對于短文中出現的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指的
內容及在句中的作用,注意其數、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,?嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關系代詞及疑問代詞等。
3. 冠詞:英語中只有三個冠詞,但用起來卻很復雜,在短文改錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
4. 介詞:檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭
配,介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
5. 容詞、副詞:形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的
地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤
用也是常考的改錯項目之一。
6. 連詞:短文改錯中出現連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,
是否符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關系。此外如果是平行結構就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題
平行結構常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as。
7. 動詞:動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的
錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤;易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數錯誤;動詞的非謂語形式,以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。
8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動詞的固定搭配;及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。
(二) 句法的測試:
1主謂語在數上的一致;
I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is
2名詞性從句;
A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞,在從句中無任何意義,而后面的賓語從句缺賓語,用what引導賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。
3定語從句;
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them改為 which
4強調句型;It is/was +被強調的部分+that/who?
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that
5句子結構的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。
(三)語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括:
1上下文中的時態(tài)是否一致;
2上下文中的代詞是否一致;
3上下文中的邏輯是否一致;
4上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。
四、注意問題:
短文改錯時改“錯”,而不是把文中的表達法改成另外的表達形式。很多考生對這個概念比較模糊。把原文中并沒有錯的形式改成了自己認可的另外一種形式,雖然改后的表達法也是對的,但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求,因而也不能得分。
五、復習建議:
除了多做改錯專項練習外,也要做與短文改錯題型相關的其他練習。比如:1.在平時寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學的習作,欣賞的同時也可有意識地把該習作進行一下“改錯”。
3.平時還可以多進行單句改錯練習,逐漸體會和把握短文改錯這一題型的規(guī)律。
(一)改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來就改,這一步很關鍵。這一步的目標是了解短文的中心意思,把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強調時間、地點、人物和事件四要素,在通讀全文理解全文的同時把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯誤先改好
(二)分句閱讀,逐行找錯。在糾錯時要仔細地讀懂每一個句子,這時就要對文中的詞法、句法和語篇(詳見考查要點)角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及到以上錯誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。
(三)做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習慣的問題。
第一節(jié)短文改錯 (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在此處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從十一處起)不計分。 I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came∧see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (一) I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For∧long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
第一節(jié)短文改錯 (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在此處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從十一處起)不計分。
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over
in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try guess its meaning if coming across any.
1.動詞使用錯誤2.冠詞使用錯誤 3.名詞使用錯誤 4.介詞使用錯誤 5.形容詞‘副詞使用錯誤
6.連詞使用錯誤 7.代詞的誤用 8.引導詞的誤用 9.上下文邏輯錯誤
考點設置:
1.名詞
近幾年短文改錯中涉及名詞考點的特點是:
1)題量為每年1題;
2)錯誤均為本應用復數形式,卻用了單數形式
3)所有要求改動的名詞前都無數詞限定.
2000)She said that she and my schoolmate all??
2001) ?so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2002)On the way up I was busy taking picture.
schoolmate-schoolmates; subject-subjects picture-pictures.
2.并列連詞:
涉及并列連詞考點的特點是:“and” , “but”, 或“or”三個詞的混用而導致句意出現邏輯錯誤.
2000) She was smiling but nodding at me.
2001) ?as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
2002)The food was expensive and the service was good.
英語短文改錯解題技巧篇二:高考英語短文改錯解題技巧
高考英語短文改錯解題技巧
1.解題步驟
1 瀏覽全文,掌握大意
2 分句閱讀,逐行找錯
3 由易到難, 各個擊破
4 檢查核對,注意方法
詳解:
具體解題步驟:
做短文改錯通常遵循以下幾個步驟:通讀文章,了解大意;逐句分析,行中找錯;再讀短文,檢查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的順序。
第一步:通讀全文,了解大意。短文改錯是考查考生在理解的基礎上對語篇整體的識錯、糾錯能力,必須從全篇考慮,而不能只顧一句或一行。要理解文章的謀篇布局,弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在閱讀過程中,要注意行文邏輯、文章的時態(tài)以及人稱等。
第二步:逐句分析,行中找錯。盡管短文改錯是以行設置錯誤的,但語言畢竟是以句子為完整意義單位的。所以,可以逐句分析,看看單句是否有錯;如果有錯,有幾處錯誤,是什么錯誤,再看看錯誤在哪一行。把“短文改錯”轉化為“單句改錯”,然后再在行中找錯,這樣就會降低難度。 第三步:再讀短文,檢查漏洞。做完以后,再把文章閱讀一遍,檢查是否有遺漏情況,尤其注意上下句之間的邏輯關系。多讀一遍,就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理順。
2.錯誤形式與改法
1 改詞 2 添詞 3 去掉 4 正確
詳解:
1 改詞(6—7個):在文中該詞下面劃橫線
( ___ );在題號后橫線上寫出要改的詞。
2 添詞(1—2個):在文中標上添詞符號(∧);在題號后橫線上寫出要添的詞。
3 去掉(1—2個):在文中用斜線( \ )劃掉該詞;在題號后寫上要劃掉的詞,并也用斜線劃掉。
3.解題思路
綜觀近十年的高考短文改錯題,不難看出常見的改錯十大思路是:一致關系、連接手段、平行結構、非謂語動詞形式、刪除冗言、冠詞使用,名詞數與格,詞語搭配,詞性分辨,行文邏輯等,F結合近幾年的高考試題對這十大思路分析如下:
詳解:
一、一致關系
短文改錯中所涉及到的一致關系包括主謂一致、時態(tài)一致和代詞指代一致。謂語動詞的單、復數形式要與句子的主語在人稱和數上保持一致,動詞的時態(tài)要與時間狀語或上下文的時態(tài)保持一致,代詞所指的內容與其先行詞在詞性和數方面以及與其自身的指代,要在意義上保持一致。
二、連接手段
連接不當會造成上下文不銜接。英語中句與句連接一般使用并列連詞或從屬連詞。或若并列句,要判斷句與句之間是并列、轉折、選擇、遞進關系,還是讓步關系。從而選擇恰當的連詞,若為復合句,首先應判斷內含何種從句,然后根據主、從句之間的關系判斷連接詞的使用是否正確,是否有遺漏或多余現象,要注意句子結構的完整性。
三、平行結構
平行結構是指兩個或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的詞、詞組或從句并列在一起的結構,在表達相互平行的概念時,要使用相同的語法結構,即動詞與動詞并列,形容詞與形容詞并列,不定式與不定式并列,短語與短語并列。平行結構常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not only?but also?,not.. but, either?or?,neither?nor?,as well as等。
四、非謂語動詞形式
主要考查不定式符號to的多余或遺漏,to是介詞還是不定式符號,現在分詞與過去分詞、動名詞等。
五、刪除冗言
造成冗言錯誤的原因主要由于漢英表達上的差異。對英語慣用語在使用上的細微差異,主要考程度副詞和頻度副詞。如:much more, often等的多余,介詞的多余,語義的重復,固定搭配中多余的詞以及由于受漢語的影響而多用了某些詞語等。
六、冠詞的使用
冠詞是英語中特有的詞,由于漢語中沒有與之相對應的詞,大家對它的用法感到難以掌握,高考英語短文改錯題對冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有,但多數是考查其基本用法,如不可數名詞泛指時前面多冠詞;單數可數名詞前少冠詞不定冠詞a,an與定冠詞the的錯誤使用;固定搭配中冠詞的誤用等等。
七、名詞的數與格
漢語中的名詞沒有單復數形式。英語則不同,如果英語的名詞是可數名詞,它有單復數形式。一般來講,不可數名詞沒有復數式。
八、詞語搭配
這主要考查介詞與動詞,名詞、形容詞的固定搭配,副詞與動詞的固定搭配,及物動詞后面介詞或副詞的多余以及不及物動詞后面缺少介詞,英語中的一些固定結構及習慣搭配等。
九、詞性分辨
根據詞在句中的位置與其它詞的修飾與被修飾關系,判斷詞的正確使用形式,根據詞在句子中不同的句法功能,使用與之相適應的詞性。
十、行文邏輯
這主要測試行文中not的有無;come與leave的誤用;before與after的混用。
詳解:
(1)詞法內容。包括名詞、代詞的數與格,反身代詞,動詞時態(tài)語態(tài),非謂語動詞、短語動詞的用法,不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式,形容詞的比較級,形容詞副詞的區(qū)別,介詞的誤用等。
(2)句法內容。包括主謂一致、指代一致,并列連詞,從屬連詞等引導各種從句的關聯(lián)詞語,感嘆句,疑問句,祈使句的結構等。
(3)行文邏輯。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判斷等。
5.考點設置之名詞
命題特點:本來用復數,卻用單數.改正方法:(1)根據名詞前的修飾限定成份;
(2)根據上下文的邏輯關系.
詳解:
1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(schoolmate改為schoolmates)
2. After class we become stranger at once.(stranger改為strangers)
3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.(subject改為subjects)
4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(picture改為pictures)
5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.(advantage改為advantages)
6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.(ideas改為idea)
7. ) I looked at his other hands. (hands改為hand)
6.考點設置之代詞
命題特點:
1.女性代詞指代男性或相反;
2.單數指代復數;
3.代詞詞性誤用。
改正方法:聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關系。
代詞的錯誤特點:
1.人稱代詞的偷換錯誤
2. 缺少人稱代詞的錯誤
3. 人稱代詞數的一致問題
4. 人稱代詞格的一致問題
詳解:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his改為their)
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.( who’s改為whose)
It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(them改為us)
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English .(me改為myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .(showed后加it)
Some students may also save up for our college or future use .(our改為their) I took it in me and we walked. (me改為mine)
7.考點設置之介詞
命題特點及改正方法:介詞涉及搭配錯誤,因此可從以下方面確定錯誤:1)介詞的基本用法;2)習慣搭配;3)動詞詞類確定錯誤,如talk,, serve, wait等。
介詞的錯誤:
介詞短語常?,
固定搭配要記牢。
介詞后邊跟賓語,
結合語境細推敲。
詳解:
We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(去掉about)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at)
The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.(去掉was后的in)
We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.(with改為about) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. (with改為for)
He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (glass后加in)
英語短文改錯解題技巧篇三:高考英語短文改錯 解題技巧
高考英語短文改錯
常見錯誤類型解題技巧
1. 動詞時態(tài)
每年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題,而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據。
(1)(2003全國卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was...
84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized (and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk (根據sometimes可判斷此句為一般現在時)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.85. took
(把照片寄給你,應該是已經拍好的,用過去時)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷,應該是現在時,謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復數
單復數互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一,改動的依據有:一是根據名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據上下文的邏輯關系。
(1)(2003全國卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was,根據名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months (several修飾復數名詞)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復數名詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半,故判斷此處year應為復數形式)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages (從there are 判斷應該用名詞復數)
3. 句子結構
句子結構方面的錯誤范圍龐大,解答高考英語改錯題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考:1)句子結構是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞或引導詞的運用是否得當等。
(1)(2004 全國卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why (復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.
78. work
(缺謂語動詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.
79. allows
(主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money,謂語應該用單數)
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數)
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞,從而使句子表達不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復。
(1)(2003全國卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
80. should
(并列謂語,should多余)
(2)(2004 全國卷)Can you tell me about what I should do?85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to (情態(tài)動詞may后接動詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是連詞for是介詞,不能并列)
5. 固定結構(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結構是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習慣表達。如固定短語中的詞不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking (enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at (laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.
82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個,從高考英語改錯題的角度來看,只能從以下幾個方向出題:1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據需要增刪冠詞。
(1)(2004 全國卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根據句義是特指這個周末)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個男孩,應用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音,應該用an)
(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read.82. ∧the (名詞后由從句修飾時,應使用定冠詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China
83. ∧a
7. 代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對象一致,其運用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關系。
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對象應一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是復數,后應該用替代復數名詞的代詞。)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their (指代對象應一致)
(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結構是否等同。這兩點是解答連詞及其相關問題的關鍵所在。
(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and (從句意可知,此處表并列關系,應用and)
(2)(2004全國卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列關系,“于是、同時、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應一致)
9. 易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞,也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)(2004全國卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy (be easy 非常容易,形容詞做表語)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)(2003全國卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible (作定語應用形容詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯誤類型的劃分不一定很科學,但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯題提供思考方法。一旦考生認清了高考英語改錯題的特點、解題方法以及錯誤類型,解題時就不會盲目從事,而能做到有的放矢。
短文改錯題常見的錯誤類型
1、冠詞的多用、少用、混用。
2、名詞 的數與格的誤用。
3、主謂不一致的錯誤。學生往往容易忽視定語從句中強調句型中的主謂一致性。
4、代詞的指代不一致的錯誤。代詞的指代一致性包括人稱、數、格和性四方面的統(tǒng)一。代詞的人稱可分為第一、二、三人稱和非人稱;代詞的數分為單數和復數;代詞的格分為主格、賓格、所有格還有名詞性物主代詞;代詞的性分為陽性、陰性和中性。
5、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的誤用。多數動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、和語氣變化形式,還有上下文的時態(tài)呼應,主從句的時態(tài)一致。
6、非謂語動詞的誤用。非謂語動詞的難點主要體現在V—ing形式和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別、V—ing形式與不定式的用法區(qū)別、以及非謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的正確運用。
7、形容詞、副詞的混用及其比較等級的誤用。形容詞一般在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞,作表語說明主語的性質、特征;而副詞的作用較復雜,常常修飾形容詞 、副詞 、介詞短語、動詞或全句。形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用現象:①省略不當;②自身比較;③修飾語的誤用;④than連接的兩個比較對象不一致或不平行。
8、關聯(lián)詞語的誤用。關聯(lián)詞分并列連詞 and,but,or,so,when等,從屬連詞——各種從句的引導詞。關聯(lián)詞語的誤用除涉及到其基礎知識,還涉及至行文邏輯關系。短文改錯題慣用的命題手法是:①and,but,or,so等之間的混用;②because與so并用;③although與but并用;④why 與because并用;⑤come與go混用;⑥here與there混用。
9、平行結構的誤用。平行結構是指用一連串作用和結構相同的或相似的成份表達同一范疇或同一性質、密切關聯(lián)的內容。平行結構有詞之間的平行、詞組之間的平行、句子或從句之間的平行、段落之間的平行。在平行結構中常用的并列連詞 有and,but,or,than等。
10、成分的多與少——多一詞或少一詞。多或少的詞語,常見于冠詞、介詞、不定式標記to等,不過有時也可能是實義詞。在短文改錯中常出現repeat back,serve for等錯誤。這類錯誤大多由于學生受漢語表達習慣的影響,或對英語詞義的理解不夠準確造成的。
11、固定搭配、習慣用法和介詞的誤用。短文改錯中涉及到固定搭配、習慣用法常常多用、少用或誤用其中的介詞,有時也涉及到其中的動詞、冠詞的錯誤搭配。
短文改錯題常見的錯誤類型剖析
1、多詞
①多冠詞。I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd。[析]sight是不可數名詞,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見”。故應去掉a。
②多介詞。We practice for three times every week。此例中是作時間狀語的名詞短語多了介詞,故應去掉for
③固定搭配中多詞。I was used to watch it 。此 例屬于used to do 與be used to兩個固定搭配的誤用,據句意應去was。即“過去常常”之意。
④行文邏輯上多詞。First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first可知是剛剛開始向別人講述自己的事情,故只能說something ,而不要加more.
⑤詞義重復。I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意為“整個周末”,再加上all ,詞義重復。故去all.
⑥出現冗言現象。Today I visited the Smiths __my first time
visit to an American family . 本句中first 修飾visit ,vsit 此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問”,time多余。2、缺詞
①名詞前缺限定詞。The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根據上下文分析,此處English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語教師,故應English teacher 前加上my ,表達一個更確切的概念。
②缺動詞不定式符號to. I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加動詞,需to,構成固定搭配would like to do something,意為“想做某事”。
③缺系動詞。What your favorite sport ?本句缺謂語動詞,應在What后面加is .
短文改錯的解題步驟
1、通讀短文,把握文意。快速閱讀短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的錯誤,切忌拿到短文提筆就改。2、依據句意和語法逐句判斷。錯誤是按行設置的,但找錯不是以行為單位尋找,必須依據句意和語法分析,逐句或跨行尋找錯誤。3、先易后難,逐類排查。先找出比較明顯的錯誤,逐步縮小 錯誤的范圍。十行之中有一行是正確的。4、利用行文邏輯,突破改錯難點。有些行文邏輯錯誤,從詞法、句法的角度看是正確的,但是通過上下文的邏輯分析就會發(fā)現是錯誤的。
5、復讀短文,檢查答案,注意行文邏輯關系的正確合理。
6、嚴格按照試題要求答題,萬萬不能隨心所欲解題。
短文改錯的解題技巧
1、利用排除法進行短文改錯,所謂“排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大意基本把握住文章整體時態(tài)的前提下,行不離句,句不離文,將句子分成若干語段,逐一排除,使錯誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據基礎知識進行擴散性思考,從而快速找到答案。
2、發(fā)現有平行結構,就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯誤。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結構是兩個語法上相同的謂語,故應把drank改drinking.
3、發(fā)現有比較結構,就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級,比較的對象等方面的錯誤。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根據上下文不難發(fā)現該句含“as??as”結構的句子,所以應在many前加上as。
4、發(fā)現有轉折、因果、對比等結構時,就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯誤。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文邏輯,應把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英語中兩個分句之間不能僅僅用逗號,而要用合適的連詞連接。故以上兩個分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對比。
5、發(fā)現句子有多重結構,就要檢查是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .該句犯了連詞重復使用的錯誤,應去掉immediately.
6、發(fā)現有特殊疑問句結構,就要檢查是否有疑問詞使用不當的錯誤。如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英語中問價格時,可用what price 或how much 提問。回答時常用high price low price .所以應把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.
7、發(fā)現有名詞和代詞時,就要檢查是否有數、所有格或指代不一致的錯誤。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、發(fā)現有固定短語時,就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯誤。如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看見)是固定詞組,所以要去掉a.
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