濕球溫度對上部葉光滑僵硬煙產(chǎn)生的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為探索烘烤中關(guān)鍵溫度點(diǎn)不同濕球溫度對上部煙葉光滑僵硬煙產(chǎn)生的影響,促進(jìn)煙葉內(nèi)部物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化協(xié)調(diào),降低光滑僵硬煙比例,提高煙葉質(zhì)量、等級結(jié)構(gòu),以云煙87為試驗(yàn)品種,在38 ℃,42 ℃,48 ℃時(shí)濕球溫度控制不同設(shè)3個(gè)處理(T1、T2和對照CK),對烘烤過程中煙葉狀態(tài)進(jìn)行記錄,并取樣檢測化學(xué)成分含量、失水率,對烤后煙物理特性、外觀質(zhì)量和內(nèi)在質(zhì)量評價(jià)進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明,與對照CK光滑僵硬煙比例1.38%相比較,在干球溫度38 ℃時(shí),適當(dāng)提高濕球溫度(T1處理)和采用干濕交替烘烤策略(T2處理),均未出現(xiàn)光滑僵硬煙,其中T2處理更能促進(jìn)煙葉內(nèi)在物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化協(xié)調(diào),提高煙葉外觀和感官質(zhì)量,降低低等煙比例,提高煙葉可用性。
關(guān)鍵詞:烘烤;上部葉;光滑僵硬;濕球溫度
中圖分類號(hào):S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.02.004
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of different wet bulb temperatures in baking on production of S group in upper tobacco, promote the coordination of internal material transformation, reduce S group tobacco proportion, and improve the quality and grade structure, the experiment was conducted with Yunyan 87, three treatments (T1, T2, and control CK) basing different wet bulb temperature at 38 ℃, 42 ℃,48 ℃ were set, the tobacco leave status during roasting was recorded, the chemical composition and water loss rate were detected, and the physical characteristics, appearance quality and oral quality evaluation of tobacco after roasting were analyzed. The results showed that the ratio of S group in CK was 1.38%, but there was no S group leaves appeared in the T1 treatment that the wet bulb temperature was properly raised at 38 ℃ and the T2 treatment that the dry and wet alternate baking strategy was used. Among the three treatments, T2 treatment could promote the coordination transformation of internal material, improve the appearance and overall quality, reduce the proportion of low grade leaves, and increase the availability of tobacco leaves.
Key words: flue-curing; upper leaves; S group tobacco; wet bulb temperature
在密集烤房及密集烘烤技術(shù)推廣方面,吉安市提出了鮮煙葉分類和“一類一曲線”烘烤技術(shù),并將該曲線編入烘烤自控設(shè)備,實(shí)現(xiàn)了根據(jù)鮮煙素質(zhì)制定烘烤工藝,達(dá)到了精準(zhǔn)烘烤、節(jié)能省工的效果。相關(guān)試驗(yàn)和調(diào)研結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)密集烤房烘烤的煙葉容易出現(xiàn)葉面光滑、僵硬、顏色淡等現(xiàn)象,致使煙葉油份、香氣量等降低[1]。2016年收購數(shù)據(jù)中,吉安市安福、峽江、永豐、泰和4個(gè)產(chǎn)煙縣僵硬光滑煙比例分別達(dá)到3.99%、3.67%、4.47%、5.70%,按照當(dāng)年收購價(jià)格,光滑一和光滑二的收購價(jià)格分別僅為10元·kg-1和 6元·kg-1(正常煙葉收購均價(jià)超過20元·kg-1),煙農(nóng)收入大大減少,嚴(yán)重影響了煙葉的工業(yè)可用性,也給吉安煙葉生產(chǎn)造成不利影響。
近年來,有關(guān)光滑僵硬煙的研究主要集中于光滑僵硬煙葉在大田期形成的原因以及烘烤過程中煙葉形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和組織結(jié)構(gòu)變化等方面[2-6]。在煙葉烘烤中,濕球溫度關(guān)乎煙葉化學(xué)成分含量的變化,對煙葉品質(zhì)具有決定性的作用,但有關(guān)濕球溫度對僵硬光滑煙產(chǎn)生的影響研究較少,本研究通過研究關(guān)鍵溫度點(diǎn)濕球溫度對煙葉化學(xué)成分含量的影響,確定合理的濕球溫度,旨在為降低光滑僵硬煙比例提供參考。
1 材料和方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料與設(shè)備
試驗(yàn)于2017年在江西省吉安市峽江縣硯溪鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行,品種為云煙87,大田管理和煙葉采收均按照優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)管理要求操作。供試烤房為氣流下降式密集型烤房。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
按照關(guān)鍵溫度點(diǎn)濕球溫度控制不同設(shè)2個(gè)處理(T1、T2)和1個(gè)對照(CK),具體烘烤工藝如表1所示。
1.3 試驗(yàn)樣品采集及評價(jià)
1.3.1 樣品采集 分別在烘烤干球38,42,48 ℃穩(wěn)溫結(jié)束時(shí)取樣,測定煙葉水分,殺青后樣品用于化學(xué)成分分析;烘烤結(jié)束后進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀統(tǒng)計(jì)、并對烤后樣品進(jìn)行外觀質(zhì)量評價(jià)、感官質(zhì)量評價(jià)和化學(xué)分析檢測。
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