酸性土壤施石灰對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)、微生物數(shù)量及煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 [目的]研究酸性土壤施石灰對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)、微生物數(shù)量及煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響,以期為宜賓市酸性土壤改良提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。[方法]以K326為供試烤煙品種,結(jié)合大田試驗(yàn)與室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),研究石灰對(duì)土壤pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、微生物數(shù)量及煙草化學(xué)成分等的影響。[結(jié)果]與不施石灰處理相比,施石灰處理土壤pH、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量均增加,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量降低,土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量分別提高327%~115.8%和32.9%~73.3%,真菌數(shù)量降低25.0%~51.9%,煙株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育增強(qiáng),煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量、可用性提高。[結(jié)論]在宜賓煙區(qū)pH 5.06左右的土壤, 石灰施用量以1 500 kg/hm2為宜。
關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;石灰;土壤理化性質(zhì);土壤微生物;產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
中圖分類號(hào) S156 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2015)12-091-03
Abstract [Objective]The effects of applying lime on the physical and chemical properties, microbial quantities of acid soil and the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco were studied in order to provide a theoretical evidence for the improvement of acidic soil in Yibin. [Method]With K326 as a tested fluecured tobacco variety, the effects of lime on soil pH, organic matter, microbial quantities and chemical composition of tobacco were studied through a combination of laboratory tests and field trials.[Result]Comparing with the control, pH, contents of alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil were increased, the content of organic matter was decreased, and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes of the soil were increased by 32.7%-115.8% and 32.9%-115.8%, and the number of fungi was reduced by 25.0%-51.9%. The growth and the development of tobacco plants were promoted, and the yield, quality and usability of tobacco leaves were improved by applying lime. [Conclusion]In Yibin, the preferred application amount of lime in the soil of pH 5.06 or so was 1 500 kg/hm2.
Key words Fluecured tobacco; Lime; Soil physical and chemical nature; Soil microorganism; Yield and quality
生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉受多方面因素的影響,如土壤條件、栽培技術(shù)、品種、氣候和烘烤技術(shù)等,而土壤酸度是土壤條件中影響土壤養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化及其有效性的決定因素之一[1]。宋承鑒[2]報(bào)道,生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的最適土壤酸度范圍為pH 5.5~6.5。近年來,宜賓市土壤酸化情況越來越嚴(yán)重。王光合等[3]研究表明,宜賓煙區(qū)pH<5.5的土壤占38.58%,且在興文、筠連等產(chǎn)煙大縣表現(xiàn)尤為嚴(yán)重。宜賓市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院與四川省煙草公司宜賓市公司項(xiàng)目組研究表明,施用石灰對(duì)改良宜賓市植煙土壤、控制土傳病害發(fā)生、提高煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量方面有顯著成效。目前,施石灰對(duì)煙田土壤酸度、酶活性及煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響已有一些研究[4-6],但涉及施石灰對(duì)煙田土壤微環(huán)境的影響研究較少。筆者研究了石灰施用對(duì)植煙土壤理化性質(zhì)、土壤微生物數(shù)量、煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量及化學(xué)成分的影響,以期為宜賓市酸性土壤改良、保障土壤資源可持續(xù)利用和煙葉生產(chǎn)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 供試材料
供試烤煙品種為K326。試驗(yàn)在興文縣大壩鎮(zhèn)先合村四組宜賓市煙草公司建設(shè)的烤煙科技園區(qū)的田塊上進(jìn)行,海拔500 m,土壤類型為黃壤。土壤農(nóng)化性狀為有機(jī)質(zhì)26.88 g/kg,pH 5.06,全氮0.69 g/kg,全磷0.28 g/kg,全鉀24.03 g/kg,堿解氮89.79 mg/kg,速效磷14.11 mg/kg,速效鉀110.12 mg/kg。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
設(shè)4個(gè)處理:處理①750 kg/hm2;處理②1 500 kg/hm2;處理③2 250 kg/hm2;處理④(CK)不施石灰。3次重復(fù),重復(fù)間走道寬0.5 m,四周設(shè)保護(hù)行。石灰于移栽前2個(gè)月撒施,翻耕。田間管理和生產(chǎn)措施均勻、一致。
1.3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目與方法
1.3.1 耕層土壤樣品的采集與理化性質(zhì)的測(cè)定。
在石灰施用前(2月上旬)及煙葉采收后(8月上旬),每個(gè)小區(qū)經(jīng)5點(diǎn)法用土鉆取0~20 cm土層的土壤制成混合土樣,剔除石頭、植物殘?bào)w和其他雜物,帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室,過2 mm篩。一部分置于冰箱(4 ℃)保存,用于測(cè)定土壤微生物數(shù)量(測(cè)定前于25 ℃條件下預(yù)培養(yǎng)1 d);另一部分置于陰涼通風(fēng)處風(fēng)干,用于測(cè)定土壤理化性質(zhì)。用PHS3C型酸度計(jì),測(cè)定土壤pH,土∶水為1.0∶2.5;有機(jī)質(zhì)的測(cè)定采用重鉻酸鉀外加熱法;全氮的測(cè)定采用半微量開氏法;全磷、全鉀的測(cè)定分別采用HClO4消煮和HFHClO4消煮,火焰光度法;堿解氮的測(cè)定采用堿解擴(kuò)散法;速效磷的測(cè)定采用碳酸氫鈉提取-鉬銻抗比色法;速效鉀的測(cè)定采用1 mol/L 乙酸銨浸提-火焰光度法。
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