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在山東過大年:山東農(nóng)村過大年視頻

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-03-11 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:

  春節(jié)是什么?春節(jié)是中華民族一年之中最為隆重的節(jié)日,是老百姓對(duì)來年幸福生活的期盼,是在外游子歸來團(tuán)圓的錨地。一進(jìn)臘月,濃濃的年味就開始在齊魯大地聚集和彌漫,從膠東的漁家到魯西南的小山村,家家戶戶都在忙年,都要過出最富地方特色的一個(gè)“年”!
  
  膠東餑餑辭舊歲
  
  盡管山東每個(gè)地方過年的習(xí)俗都不一樣,但膠東的過年是大家公認(rèn)最富有特色、最熱鬧的。以至于每年臨近春節(jié),原本就擁堵的濟(jì)青高速公路塞進(jìn)去更多的私家車,越來越多的城里人開始去膠東親朋好友家過年,尋找一下漸行漸遠(yuǎn)的“年味”!斑^年團(tuán)”帶去的是滿滿的年貨,收獲的是回味無窮的記憶。
  “二十三,辭灶天;二十四,拉大字;二十五,做豆腐;二十六,割年肉;二十七,宰公雞;二十八,把面發(fā);二十九,全都有;三十下黑兒滿街走!
  這是自打老輩就流傳下來的對(duì)于過年一句順口溜,它概述了人們年前需做的準(zhǔn)備工作,一代代流傳至今。不知過年該忙些什么的城里人,看看這張“日程表”便可知膠東人家的忙年是多么的充實(shí)了。
  農(nóng)歷臘月二十三,俗稱小年。這一天是除夕夜前最為重要的一個(gè)節(jié)日,家家要“送灶王爺上西天”,俗稱“辭灶”。瓜果貢品自是必不可少,而那句“灶王爺爺上西天,上天言好事,下界保平安”的口訣同樣如芝麻開門一般盡人皆知。恭敬有加只為灶王爺上天述職之時(shí)多在眾神面前說說這家人的好話,來年保佑全家人平安幸福。
  過了臘月二十三,送走家庭守護(hù)神之后,打掃屋舍庭院、貼春聯(lián)、拉大字等等一系列忙年活動(dòng)便忙碌而有序地開始了。膠東的忙年特色重點(diǎn)在一個(gè)“食”上,其第一美食首推膠東大餑餑。 在膠東,過年最有年味的莫過于吃那白白胖胖的大餑餑,過大年,蒸餑餑,期盼來年的日子蒸蒸向上、紅紅火火。大餑餑是用最精的白面,加上雞蛋和糖,放上最好的引子,配上巧婦的精湛手藝制作而成的。據(jù)說最大的餑餑,一鍋只能蒸一個(gè),被稱之為餑餑中的巨無霸,最小的餑餑常被孩子們捧在掌心拿來當(dāng)點(diǎn)心吃。現(xiàn)如今,傳統(tǒng)的膠東大餑餑早已走出膠東漁村,成為山東人春節(jié)贈(zèng)禮的首選。除了大餑餑之外,肉皮凍、“隔年燉菜”、膠東豆腐等都是膠東人家過年時(shí)最富特色的招牌菜品。
  啃著咧開了口的膠東大餑餑,灶臺(tái)上燉著香噴噴的合菜,放最響的鞭炮、玩最亮的花燈,在膠東過年就是這么爽。
  
  “周村芯子”迎新春
  
  與膠東過年重在飲食不同,魯中地區(qū)的人們心思都在一個(gè)“玩”上。剛過年初一,大家在家里就呆不住了,因?yàn)樗麄冞^年的重頭戲――扮玩大戲才剛剛開始。敲響了鑼鼓,踩高蹺、舞獅子,平日里樸素的農(nóng)家人穿上了最花哨、最艷麗的戲服,把豐收的喜悅帶給眾鄉(xiāng)親。在扮玩系列當(dāng)中,“周村芯子”是魯中地區(qū)春節(jié)扮玩中一種奇特的民間藝術(shù)形式。
  從每年正月十三開始,芯子將會(huì)在周村上演三天。周村芯子實(shí)際上是由16人輪流抬著的一架裝飾好的舞臺(tái),上面有化妝的演員造型和表演。根據(jù)演員多少有單人芯子,雙人芯子、多人芯子等。表演以戲劇故事、民間傳說為主要內(nèi)容,如《八仙過海》、《貴妃醉酒》等,小演員們藝高人膽大,濃妝艷抹,站在高高的空中表演,十分驚險(xiǎn)生動(dòng)。芯子隊(duì)伍出動(dòng)時(shí),周村大街小巷人潮涌動(dòng),觀者人山人海,鼓樂喧天,彩旗飛舞,壯觀絕倫,為魯中地區(qū)過年期間一大盛事。如今的周村芯子已經(jīng)入選“中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)”,吸引著越來越多的海內(nèi)外賓朋在春節(jié)期間前往觀看。
  魯中的農(nóng)家過年時(shí)必定要掛一幅新年畫,而位列中國(guó)民間三大木版年畫之一的濰坊楊家埠木版年畫成為人們過年時(shí)必不可少的一樣“年貨”。楊家埠木版年畫題材廣泛,表現(xiàn)內(nèi)容豐富多彩,其構(gòu)圖完整勻稱,造型粗壯樸實(shí),線條簡(jiǎn)練流暢。根據(jù)農(nóng)民點(diǎn)綴生活環(huán)境的實(shí)際需要,主要有大門畫、房門畫、福字燈、美人條等,具有濃厚的民間風(fēng)味、鄉(xiāng)土氣息和節(jié)日氛圍。再簡(jiǎn)陋的農(nóng)舍,一幅祈福迎祥、歡樂吉祥的楊家埠年畫往墻上一掛,濃濃的年味立馬噴涌而出。
  
  禮儀大家禮儀忙
  
  如果在山東曲阜過年,衍圣公府的春節(jié)慶典則不可不看,持續(xù)的時(shí)間也是全年節(jié)慶中最長(zhǎng)的?赘拇汗(jié)從臘月初一開始做過年準(zhǔn)備,直至正月十五燈節(jié)過完,才算結(jié)束。在許多種活動(dòng)中,磕辭歲頭、拜家廟、拜祠堂、拜佛堂、拜觀音菩薩、拜天地神、祭孔廟等不可少的禮儀占有很重要的位置,“不學(xué)禮,無以立”的圣人教誨得以發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。臘月十五,孔府在前堂樓院內(nèi)就搭起“天地樓”供各種神位,還立起“朝天竿”用以過年時(shí)點(diǎn)“朝天燈”!俺旄汀备呷、紅漆桿,桿頂掛紅燈籠,內(nèi)放一支一斤重的大紅臘燭,每天點(diǎn)著,用滑車?yán)先?一直點(diǎn)到正月十五元宵。臨近三十,孔府忙年活動(dòng)中最熱鬧的場(chǎng)面“蒸壯”就出現(xiàn)了,“蒸壯”就是為過年蒸各種饅頭、餃子、糕餅。這時(shí)“燒火戶”又來燒火,蒸各式各樣的饅頭。其后的辭歲、拜年、祭孔等等一系列活動(dòng)過程極為隆重而考究,無不體現(xiàn)禮儀大家的風(fēng)范。
  有句俗話說得好:“十里不同俗,百里改規(guī)矩”,山東各地的過年習(xí)俗都有各自獨(dú)特的文化韻味。臨清初一拜年,男子與已婚婦女參加,男女分開,拜過自家長(zhǎng)輩,再拜族內(nèi)各長(zhǎng)輩,此謂“合族拜年”,之后,由族長(zhǎng)率領(lǐng)到各廟宇、異姓祠堂內(nèi)敬拜神位,此謂“拜莊鄉(xiāng)年”,最后,村長(zhǎng)指揮全村人于村中十字路口互拜,此則謂“拜團(tuán)結(jié)年”。鄆城等地有“春節(jié)五更乞長(zhǎng)”的習(xí)俗,兒童起床后一聲不響,先去緊緊抱住椿樹,同時(shí)唱“椿樹椿樹王,你長(zhǎng)粗來我長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng),你長(zhǎng)粗了做材料,俺長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)了穿衣裳”,龍口的兒童則是在門前打幾個(gè)秋千,其實(shí)都是意在期盼兒童茁壯成長(zhǎng)。高密在年初三之前興吃素餡水餃,大概的意思是盼望來年全家都素素靜靜、平平安安。
  從臘月到正月,齊魯大地處處涌動(dòng)著古樸而醇香的年味,過年就是辛勞一年的人們收獲親情的時(shí)刻,就是忙碌了一年的人們放飛心情的節(jié)日。想過一個(gè)最熱鬧的春節(jié)嗎?到山東的鄉(xiāng)村村來看看吧!
  
  Celebrating the Spring Festival in Shandong
  Spring Festival is the most ceremonious festival for the Chinese nation. When time gets to the twelfth month of the lunar year, the strong New Year atmosphere starts to gather and spread in the vast land of Shandong. From the fishing families in Jiaodong to the small mountain villages in southwest Shandong, all families are busy preparing for the New Year celebrations with their own local characteristics.
  The New Year celebration customs in the regions of Shandong differ from each other. However, the New Year celebration in Jiaodong is acknowledged as the most characteristic and most bustling. Eating the Jiaodong steamed bread, tasting the delicious stewed dishes, setting off the firecrackers and playing with the beautiful lanterns, one will feel quite cool celebrating the Spring Festival in Jiaodong.
  Unlike the Jiaodog people who lay stress on eating during the Spring Festival period, the people of central Shandong concentrate on “playing.” On the first day of the first month of the lunar year, people will not stay in their homes, since their celebration activities have just begun. Beating gongs and drum, walking on stilts, lion dancing, and wearing beautiful clothes, all these produce gala performances for the people. Among the recreation programs, the “Zhoucun Xinzi” is a kind of unique folk art popular in the central Shandong region during the Spring Festival period. Moreover, during the New Year celebration period, every family in the central Shandong region keeps the tradition of hanging a New Year painting on the wall of their homes. Therefore, the Yangjiabu wood New Year pictures, which are one of the three kinds of folk wood New Year pictures in China, are an indispensible New Year purchase for people of central Shandong. If you enjoy your New Year celebration in Qufu, you should not miss the Spring Festival celebration held at the Mansion of Duke Yansheng. The Spring Festival preparation for the Confucian Mansion starts on the first day of the twelfth month of the lunar year and will not end until the lantern festival on the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar year.
  From the twelfth month of the lunar year to the first month of the next year, the land of Shandong swarms with the jubilant atmosphere of New Year celebration. The moment to celebrate the coming of the New Year is the time for people to have their happy mood released. If you want to celebrate a bustling Spring Festival, please come to the countryside in Shandong during that time.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:山東 過大年 在山東過大年 山東周村過大年 過大年

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