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短文改錯口訣

發(fā)布時間:2017-02-16 來源: 短文摘抄 點擊:

短文改錯口訣篇一:高考英語短文改錯口訣

高考英語短文改錯口訣

為了提高做短文改錯題的能力,除了要加強基礎(chǔ)知識的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外,還應該對其錯項設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,向同學們介紹高考英語短文改錯中最常見的幾類錯誤。

短文改錯口訣:

動詞形,名詞數(shù);

注意形和副;

非謂動詞細辨別;

習慣用法要記住;

句子成分多分析;

邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。

一. 動詞形

主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如: My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is) Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。

二. 名詞數(shù)

指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:

…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 區(qū)分形和副

及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。 這也是高考短文改錯的?键c。例如:

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。

四. 非謂動詞細辨別

這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如:

…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing) My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。

五. 習慣用法要記住

主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的?键c,其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當?shù)腻e誤。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受寒于習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。

七. 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注

與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一

樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。

除了上述錯誤類型外,?嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現(xiàn)在請你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案與簡析:

76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))

77. 正確

78. we前面加when,引導一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)

79. them→us (邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)

80. visiting→visited(非謂動詞細辨別)

81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))

82. passes→passed(動詞形)

83. 去掉down(習慣用法要記住)

84. and→but(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習慣用法要記。

改錯要想拿高分

語法口訣要記牢

(一) 見到謂語找主語,主謂一致找狀語

見到名詞想多數(shù),可不可數(shù)要記牢

見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu),形式功能要對稱

見到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理

帶賓語必帶to,不帶賓語不帶 to

短文改錯口訣篇二:英語短文改錯順口溜

英語短文改錯順口溜

短文改錯很簡單,名詞動詞兩主線;

每句話為一單位,錯誤藏在句子間;

名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù),形式是復還是單;

動詞及物不及物,有無賓語在后邊;

何種時態(tài)弄清楚,主動被動需判斷;

非謂動詞何形式,作何成分是關(guān)鍵;

形容副詞互擾亂,何種級別是重點;

冠詞用冠不用冠,定冠還是不定冠;

代詞指代要一致,定賓主表認真選;

從句連詞要判斷,做不做成分仔細看;

遇到and要判斷,到底并列還是選轉(zhuǎn);

若為并列就不變,若轉(zhuǎn)but來更換;

介詞副詞按短語,習慣用法按習慣;

前后文章要連貫,審后沒錯對號添。

短文改錯不難做,首先解題要沉著;

先看名詞單復數(shù),再看代詞是否錯;

動詞時態(tài)是關(guān)鍵,過去現(xiàn)在須分辨;

及物動詞后有賓,不及賓前定有介;

副詞修飾形副動,名詞前面常用形;

連詞不能胡亂用,轉(zhuǎn)折承接須分清;

固定搭配很重要,句意也須心中曉。

牢記上述八大條,做起題來快又好。

一看一致二詞類,三多四少五搭配,六句七語八非謂,九看邏輯對不對,拼寫無誤便全對。

1. “一致”,指一致性方面的錯誤,包括主謂一致、時態(tài)一致、代詞一致等。如: All he said were right. (謂語動詞要與主語的數(shù)保持一致,應把were改成was)

2. “詞類”,指詞法,包括同義詞、反義詞、易混詞;名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單復數(shù)及所有格;代詞的格;定語從句中先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的誤用;名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用;比較范圍的錯誤。如:

We should remember what we all learnt our own language when we were children. (what應改為that)

She found a wallet laying on the ground. (laying應改為lying)

3. “多”,指多詞,句中多了主語、謂語、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如:

This river is much more longer than that one. (多了副詞more)

From his answer we shall know the something now. (不定代詞前不加冠詞,故去掉the)

4. “少”,指少詞,句中少了主語、謂語、冠詞、介詞、副詞等。如:

Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation. ( attention 后缺少介詞to)

5. “搭配”,指固定搭配。如:

We could learn a second language by the same way. ( 固定搭配應為in the same way)

6.“句”,指句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

Long ago there had a war between the two countries. (表“存在”的句型應為there be + 主語,故把had改為was)

7. “語”,指語態(tài)。如:

He broke the law and punished. (punished 前加was)

8. “非謂”, 指非謂語動詞。如:

Scientists like Newton and Watt were usually interesting in these facts. (interesting 改為 interested)

9. “邏輯”,指文章的邏輯意義,句與句、段與段之間使用的承接詞是轉(zhuǎn)折型、遞增型還是因果型,以及受空間、時間限定的詞語的使用。如:

This is a lie, and his parents did not know. (兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折型,and改為but)

10. “拼寫”,指單詞拼寫錯誤。如:

The hurricane destroied the houses along the coast. (destroied 改為destroyed

一、解題思路(三步解題法):

第一步、快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意,順便標記自己一眼就能看出的錯誤。

第二步、細讀文章的每一句話。一般要結(jié)合文章的前后句以及出題規(guī)律來做題。 第三步、代入已經(jīng)修改完成的答案通讀全文,看其是否通順。

注意:在修改過程當中,一定要相信自己的第一感覺。即一般來說,第一次填寫的答案正確率比較高,沒有十足地把握不易輕易改正!

二、出題規(guī)律以及破解關(guān)鍵:

高考短文改錯出題人一般會在以下八個方面進行出題。掌握出題規(guī)律之后做題便會事半功倍!

1.動詞:

(1)主要考察能力:時態(tài)、主謂是否一致、固定搭配。

(2)出題形式:

①時態(tài)混用

ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.

講解:很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去式,因此應把can改為could。

②主謂不一致

ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.

講解:原句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù),所以應該把were改為was。 ③固定搭配

ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesn’t like the smell.

講解:give up doing sth。因此動詞somke應該改為somking。

2.名詞:

(1)主要考察能力:單復數(shù)混用。

(2)出題形式:

單復數(shù)混用

ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.

講解:“年齡多大了”應該為復數(shù)形式,應此應該把year改為years。

注意:代詞單復數(shù)混用類似。

ie, As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.

講解:顯然因該把them改為it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句話意思是“就友誼來說,我們可以很容易地從我們的同學和周圍的人中找到!

3.形容詞/副詞

(1)主要考察能力:兩者之間是否混用。

(2)出題形式:

形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞,該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。 ①副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當中

ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.

講解:很明顯“與平時相比較更忙”,因此需要把usually改為usual。

②形容詞代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當中

ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”

講解:原文意思是說比賽還剩一分四十二秒時,她開始興奮地叫道-----,顯然應把excited改為excitedly,用來修飾動詞cheer。

4.介詞

短文改錯口訣

(1)主要考察能力:(特別是與動詞的)固定搭配。

(2)出題形式:

①介詞省略

ie, I’m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster. 講解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思為“擺脫,除去”

②介詞多余

ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

講解:這里顯然示對because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子,而后者充當連詞可以接句子。所以應該把of去掉。

③介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配)

ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”

講解:pick out應該為pick up。pick out挑選的意思;pick up撿起的意思。

5.連詞

(1)主要考察能力:前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系。

?既N關(guān)系:

but轉(zhuǎn)折

and并列

because原因

①ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.

講解:顯然原文中所要表達的意思是“我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買好多東西”,所以應該把but改為because/as/for。

②ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.

講解:原文表達的意思是“通過網(wǎng)上聊天,學生能夠更加輕松自由地表達自己的想法和觀點,并且如果他們同外國人交談,能夠提高他們的英語水平。”所以前后句之間是并列關(guān)系,因該把but改為and.

6.句式

(1)主要考察能力:?紅hat與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

(2)出題形式:

①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do.

講解:原文意思是“她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情”,很明顯應該把that改為what。

注意:這一形式是改錯常考點。

②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.

講解:原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后連個句子,這個連接詞充當be concerned about引導賓語從句中的主語,所以應該把which改為what。

7. 冠詞

(1)主要考察能力:句中冠詞是否多余

(2)出題形式:

①冠詞多余

ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o’clock, when the game just began.

講解:區(qū)分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解決這個問題記住一句順口溜就可以了“有the是內(nèi)無the是外”,即in the front of sth顯然是指在事物(sth)內(nèi)部空間的前面,比如說I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空間的前面,比如說the car stops in front of the house(汽車停在房前)。因此原文中應該把the去掉。

②冠詞遺漏

ie, As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.

講解:at an ---- age固定搭配詞組,表示“出于---年齡”,比如說at an early/tender age,可以翻譯為“很小/年幼的時候”

8.代詞

(1)主要考察能力:代詞是否多余,以及與反身代詞之間的混用。

(2)出題形式:

①代詞多余

ie, Don’t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I’m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.

講解:lose heart:become discouraged泄氣;喪失勇氣;而lose one’s heart(to sb/st):fall in love愛上;鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是“別泄氣”。所以應該把your去掉。一字之差,離題千里。

②代詞混用

ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.

講解: 原文意思是說“我們生活在一個大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難,其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難。”所以應把them改為us;把other改為others。 注意:the other表示兩者之中“另一個”; the others表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。如圖所示:

③代詞遺漏

ie, A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.

講解: 應該在classes前加his,表示“使他的課堂生動有趣”。

短文改錯口訣篇三:短文改錯口訣(終極版)

改錯解題口訣

改錯錯點三字經(jīng)冠名動 形副邏 介連代

動有形 名有數(shù)

形三副四要記住

形副比替換

代詞格常變

定語從句難得見 冠何錯?介何錯? 冠詞介詞多少錯 連詞考并從 邏輯考一致 一加一減八處錯 形3 ---- 形容詞語法功能:可作 ①定語 ②補語 ③表語 形定補表 副4 ---- 副詞可修飾:①全句 ②副詞 ③形容詞 ④動詞 全副形動

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