Փɼ
l(f)r(sh)g:2020-05-22 Դ: ժ c(din)
1.
Փɣfreedom of speechQ_(d)ɡfreedom of expressionָҊ˼ijNʽʽF(xin)@Փɵĺă(ni)@(g)չ_߀Ѽ@ȡ˽N(sh)ҊԼijN(sh)Ҋ
[1]@Ȼ@һ綨ǏVx[2]ڴ˽綨֮£wӼйՓҲ˔U(ku)ԵĽHָy(tng)xwF(xin)ZԣаSʽZԣsymbolic speechwDLȡՓɺwһҵđՓɡʾƌW(xu)оˇ(chung)ɡuҙC(j)P(gun)乤ˆTę(qun)hę(qun)ȗlһЩlcՓнBغϵIJһNɾφ}[3]ՓȰP(gun)Փ桢ʾҲ漰ՓɵIJ
ڷW(xu)磬ՓɵP(gun)}ѽ(jng)һЩՓ}ӑՓ֮猦u(y)(qun)[˽(qun)enjݛՓO(jin)Փ}ӑՓ@ЩӑՓҪ漰Փɵăɂ(g)}ăr(ji)ֵȡǿāfW(xu)猦ՓɵP(gun)ע̽ӑh(yun)h(yun)Փɵăr(ji)ֵǴҴҵʽؼӑՓՓɵҲȱTӑՓ@ɂ(g)}(sh)HP(gun)Փɵăr(ji)ֵһ(g)϶Եģaffirmative}@һ}̽ӑՓкr(ji)ֵăr(ji)ֵcһ(g)r(ji)ֵl(f)_ͻr(sh)漰ՓɵȆ}Ȇ}һ(g)Եģnegative}Qr(ji)ֵ_ͻķԭtҲһ(g)ЧՓƶȰl(f)]ăr(ji)ֵėlՓɵՓɵăr(ji)ֵȱٵă(ni)ݡļּ̽ӑՓкr(ji)ֵ̽ӑ(dng)@Щr(ji)ֵcһ(g)r(ji)ֵl(f)_ͻr(sh)(yng)ȡηNԭtȥ̎Еr(sh)҂á桱һ~r(ji)ֵһ~ӑՓߵĺxһӵ
2.Փɵăr(ji)ֵ
2.1.Փɵăr(ji)ֵc^׃
Փɵăr(ji)ֵcһ^е(lin)ϵЩ^(gu)߉ϵĸ(j)˸(j)toY(ji)ăr(ji)ֵJ(rn)ijN^ζҪJ(rn)ijNʽՓɻՓijһăr(ji)ֵ@Щ^ՓɵijNr(ji)ֵJ(rn)ɡ˚w{@ՓcijЩ^ĜYԴP(gun)ϵԱՓɵ̵Փ(j)҂õՓһ(g)ܰl(f)]ăr(ji)ֵo@Щ^Ҫ֪Rc^^P(gun)˵^ȡ
һP(gun)֪Rc^cՓP(gun)(lin)_Ǵڵôǽ^ġձĺͲ׃߀ЗlĺͰl(f)չ˼횽y(tng)һijN߀SxķʽǽfӑՓ߀ǽ及(qing)͉@Щ}IJͬQһ(g)ՓɵĴں
Ψһ^mȫڹ̶׃Ăy(tng)ͽ(jng)֮ôՓɲH]дڵıҪкܴı˂ֻÿՏij̎I(lng)ȡ̗lָʾȻkɡijN˼뱻Ĥݞ㲻׃Ľ̗lĕr(sh)һµ˼пܱǑ(yng)Įаf
ЗlģôɵӑՓHҪґ(yng)(dng)ԁN֪R͌W(xu)Ƶİl(f)չCIJ\(yn)ӡ׃Ͱl(f)չʹ҂ijһAϫ@õ֪RһNr(sh)|(zh)ֻǞԺM(jn)һJ(rn)R춨˻A(ch)˵J(rn)Rһ(g)r(sh)܉ʹֹͣl(f)չ܉ȫ_J(rn)Rֹͣl(f)չ֮ǰ㲻ֹܽӑՓÿһr(sh)J(rn)Rڕr(sh)gͿg϶@N^Փɵ֪RՓA(ch)
ڶP(gun)^^ĺǂ(g)c֮gP(gun)ϵԁ@N^ǽͬcڙ(qun)ĻA(ch)֮Ĵ(qun)͡ɞеԒZ@N^(sh)`ρԴڽYa(chn)AՓρԴڼs˵˵ČW(xu)f˵J(rn)༴Mÿһ(g)ɲ܄ZȡȻ(qun)ԵĿ](g)ˌȻ(qun)һcʹȻ(qun)@ø(dng)?sh)ıĿڴˣǙ?qun)
@N^J(rn)ÿһ(g)˶е˽ߺҌ(sh)P(gun)ߣÿһ(g)ˌӰ푵ĹQаl(f)ԺֱӻgӅcę(qun)@N^߀J(rn)(g)һ(g)ַ˽g(g)˵ăr(ji)ֵԼЄӁwF(xin)@N˽˿gζ˼cՓ
c^nj˼xкܶNһ(g)ͬc(din)ҕČڽy(tng)Փǡ෴ҕ(zh)ߏČĴ˼J(rn)hՓ³ԽıuǴ治^J(rn)飬ȻĹ?yn)ͬ͞Ҹxea(chn)ؓ(f)؟(z)u(dng)Ȼ
P(gun)˵^δ_һǸNʽĉՓɵδ_HÁָˮƽָڵDzġ(dng)ˮƽr(sh)㲻܉?q)?f)sĸNҊ^c(din)_ķǵДࣻ
(dng)ڵϲr(sh)ܵNΣU(xin)ԡՓMЉΣU(xin)@Nr횽ܸʿָ(do)회cNΣU(xin)ԡՓ^_ͬr(sh)ҲCġΣU(xin)ԡՓ@N^Č(sh)|(zh)˂cϵIJƽI(lng)cȺȻЄeֻٔ(sh)˿I(lng)I(lng)ԡǻ(jng)(yn)͵Ʒ|(zh)һȣǂs_I(lng)һеҲ`c^˸(j)Փɵ˼Ѓɂ(g)Դ^һ(g)W(xu)һ(g)ġ
ڻW(xu)˼֧һеĕr(sh)̕J(rn)IΨһy(tng)ĽcҕһȺҕؓ(f)؟(z)ʹʾܵȾʹܵ`(do)J(rn)ϵһ֪ԴȪJ(rn)Լ˽ͨнˉŔĽጙ(qun)͵þȵĿ@NȻy̲ͬĴHڽ̲Ľg̼ܺͻO(yn)ؑP^Į˷ӣ҇(yn)ƽͽxʥ(jng)ԭδ(jng)(zhn)W(xu)ƽͽeݬ_ؽxʥ(jng)
@N˼ԴDDՓJ(rn)˵`֘(gu)ɵģԡc[4]ƽyʹc_IJּԵI(lng)(do)Q֮DzܳԳֵģijЩԻʧО鲻cĿһ[5]܌W(xu)a philosopher-kingߵ܉Կc܉^(f)sĬF(xin)һı|(zh)܉l(f)F(xin)_һЛQ܌W(xu)Ҏ(gu)ľÇ(yn)ĻҎ(gu)ƶˇ(chung)Ҏ(gu)ɺģʽQЩƷṩoܺ͞һ^һe(cu)`ˇg(sh)(chung)
@NҕԺ͵˼ڽ̸ĸ͆\(yn)ӕr(sh)ܵ(zhn)_(chung)ڽ̸ĸ֮·ŷQxfҪ(j)˽u(qun)Փ@һՓͨĂ(g)YuW(xu)}{Լ\ţcϵͨx@һN֪N(yn)Փɵѿ@(g)ѿܠD˕r(sh)ɞ_ę(qun)ҪǰߵġՓɡͺߵġՓڽ̌ݡ}ڽՓ[6]fՓڽɵĸa(chn)Ʒ
\(yn)ּڴ_һN-ԑ{Լ
ҪȻĜYԴԫ@һJ(rn)Rƽȵ^u˽ƽȵһJ(rn)RRce(cu)`ec(sh)ę(qun)ÿһ(g)˶Ƚ(jng)xٔ(sh)Ƿǽy(tng)ĪQ鱣o(h)ơև`ôͿHpȻÿ(g)˶ԽһϢҊȻ\(yn)ԼДÿ(g)˶ԅcİl(f)F(xin)cl(f)չֻҪǹ(sh)Ƿǣÿ(g)˶Ը(j)֪J(rn)Rcl(f)_e(cu)`Ҋͬr(sh)ÿ(g)˵c(jng)(yn)J(rn)κκһ(g)˻һȺ˶̽ӑꮅʹֹͣ˼HHaɡÿһ(g)˵Ľ(jng)(yn)˶ԶDzͬĽҪeÿһ(g)˶пܷe(cu)`ܠDfһc(din)҅s֪һ(g)һ(g)ͬװl(f)e(cu)`[7]Ȼ҂Ƿãܽ^رC҂ԽԞ㲻܉ƲͬҊİl(f)
ԁ˱ҕ־w⼴εw_ijЩr⣬ÿ(g)˽ԱJ(rn)uijijĵxĶQ߀Ǿܽ^ДԼОĵxͳĺfһ(g)˻һȺҪ˵ĵָ(do)ڱڵƷϴȼ^(q)@Nf`εԭt@ζֻҪһ(g)˵О錦]И(gu)ΣxڵϢl(f)չԼĵ(g)ԡܽڱo(h)ĵ²ȾcǵµġϢҊx_tһ(g)½̻ęC(j)(gu)Խһ㹫Ʒ֮ϡ
@N^քe(yng)ՓCՓɵNr(ji)ֵ1M(jn)֪Rc@
2ScȫΣ
3So(h)cM(jn)(g)˃r(ji)ֵ
(gu)Nr(ji)ֵ߉ǰ(j)
2.2. Փɵăr(ji)ֵ
̎^ăr(ji)ֵҲԱ_(d)鹦ûՓɵăr(ji)ֵcՓăr(ji)ֵе(lin)ϵǶ֮gą^(q)e@ȻģՓɵăr(ji)ֵǺՓܵƕr(sh)r^Եġ
Փкr(ji)ֵՓɵúڣՓ܉o(g)?gu)ʲô̎棩@ЩһֱP(gun)עՓɵՓ˼Ć}IJͬķՓCՓɵăr(ji)ֵ֧Փɵĸ(j)
ՓɃr(ji)ֵľCf(lin)߷Ժٲm˹Louis Brandeis^һ(g)еĸftһ༴ҵKĿDžf(xi)(g)ɵذl(f)]x҇r(sh)˼]вɃH{һ֮ϲŭJ(rn)ͬr(sh)ĿԼֶ֮r(ji)ֵſ옷Eɣ܉ɵEt֮Ttͬr(sh)Ҳ˼Լ˼ɵر_(d)ǰl(f)F(xin)ɢ挍(sh)֮TȱՓӑՓκxՓ֮ӑՓܰl(f)]ƽ֮ṩһm(dng)?sh)ıo(h)Ԍаf֮ɢMtҲ]ΣOĮJ(rn)酢cӑՓ֮x(w)@Ҳ\(yn)r(sh)֮һ(xing)ԭtmȻJ(rn)κһN˞֮ƶȶһЩL(fng)U(xin)ts(qing){(dio)֮Sֲ܃H˂Pđ˂˼δϣćΣU(xin)ģ
?yn)֑֕?do)ɵĉ
L֮(do)Թ
Թt{ķ(wn)Lξð횽o˂C(j)ɵӑՓ_(d)ȴίԼμa(b)֮[8]
ڲm˹@һԒՓɃr(ji)ֵˣRobert Bork(jng)w{1M(jn)(g)˲֮l(f)չ
2ɱ_(d)옷
3M(jn)ķ(wn)Լ4挍(sh)֮l(f)F(xin)c[9]ĪMelville .(c(din)̎xһ)
B .Nimmer֮w{1Ԓܣdemocratic dialogue function༴Փɞһ(g)εǛQ
2ɱ_(d)ĿҌ(sh)F(xin)ĽMɲ
3Փһ(g)ȫyIJ(wn)[10]ָĵڣ12ԸĪĵڣ2ԱMeͬ(sh)|(zh)(ni)һӵ
ĬThomas I.EmersonҲ(jng)CfՓɵăr(ji)ֵJ(rn)ՓɾķNr(ji)ֵ1ٳɂ(g)˵Ҍ(sh)F(xin)
2@һNֶΣ
3鱣CɆTcİεěQ^̵һNʽ
4S(wn)׃֮gƽ[11]
ĬڷՓɃr(ji)ֵcm˹ָߴͬС(sh)ͬоĽ^(sh)Փ߽δܳķҲ@(g)ܞA(ch)efՓɵăr(ji)ֵJ(rn)Sһ(g)ЧՓƶȣڣ1M(jn)֪Rc@
2ScȫΣ
3So(h)cM(jn)(g)˃r(ji)ֵJ(rn)ՓɾɷNҪr(ji)ֵ1_(d)ķ(wn)c׃֮gĺCԴM(jn)Ľl(f)չ
2ƄӺͷsĻO(sh)mȻ@Nr(ji)ֵֺ֧fں̶ֺܴ֧֮ͨf
2.2.1.M(jn)֪R@
Փ(qing){(dio)ՓɃr(ji)ֵ҂M(jn)֪Rc@(dng)҂ɵJ(rn)Rһɵذl(f)҂һJ(rn)֪ô팢cև`ĶԄ@F(xin)߀һ(g)_ěQ(yng)ԓA NӵϢҊenjҊ߀(yng)ԼДڹ|(zh)c(zhn)֮M(jn)вNcڴ^֮҂е֪ԽԽS
SW(xu)ߌ@һM(jn)ˌW(xu)ϵՓCܠDܠ@(q)ʮo(j)ķ˹ЈՓĽǶٴκP(yng)@һr(ji)ֵՠҲUՓ֪RM(jn)еҪУܠͻķ˹ՓC
ܠl(f)һNҊĽֹoՓ@N߀Ƿ@NֹӑՓıˣ
ʹһ(g)Ҋܰl(f)nj(g)ӊZ͌F(xin)һһͬǂ(g)Ҋ˱Ȍǂ(g)ҊҊnjôDZZe(cu)`QęC(j)
Ҋe(cu)ôʧһ(g)ͬӴǾǏce(cu)`_ͻЮa(chn)ČĸJ(rn)Rӵӡ[12]
wԣܠ@c(din)fM(jn)Փ(j)ՓCՓɌıҪԵ[13]
һ(qun)ƵҊ_ô҂ʧȥ˫@һ(g)_J(rn)RęC(j)@ȻDz(yng)(dng)?sh)ġ?/p>
ڶʹȾ}ĬҊһ(g)e(cu)`ҲǶͨǺвֵһJ(rn)_ҊҲyǻIJȫȻֻнҊě_ͻʹƵ
ʹJ(rn)ҊHǶȫȥҶJ(rn)(zhn)ô͕uÓһ(g)̗l(jin)˂܉J(rn)Rĺ(sh)HϺ͈(jin)һ(g)ƫҊһӵ
r̗lп܆ʧpıxпʧȥ˂Ʒеұ?yn)̗l׃һNʽg(sh)ZHڃ(yu)ǟoģҷK˂ԻH(jng)(yn)ȥwζB(yng)\
ܠՓԚwY(ji)һc(din)ՓɺҊĶF(xin)@ıҪh(hun)ڴ˭h(hun)֮ҳC\(yn)һ(g)ԳCm^(qun)ĸֻƉ@һ^[14]
ܠҳCҊķ˹^^һW(xu)g(sh)(lin)߷ԺһЛQIJͬҊdissenting opinionСķ˹ԭ۵ĎԒ@ӵģ
˂Rr(sh)gѽ(jng)ƷS(zhn)ԵܕԼЄӵĸ(j)@һ֮ƣthe ultimate goodΨн(jng)˼ɽQű^@ã-༴ҪyԇijN˼Ƿѷnj֮ɸЈϣПo@J(rn)ɡ[15]
@ġ˼c^c(din)Ј free marketplace of ideasՓ(jng)ՓՓ
@һՓУķ˹^ǰҊӻЈՓı֮sʹ֮õ˺ܺõf@Ҳ|(zh)Ј^U(ku)չ˼Ј^ķ˹ĝ_~^˼ҲһNƷκһNƷƷ|(zh)Ƿ(yu)ǷmϴҪͶTЈһ(yu)̭ɸܱ֮ݬЈṩһ(g)zyNƷęC(j)͘(bio)(zhn)˼ЈҲN^c(din)M(jn)ЈM(jn)ɽɸһΕr(sh)g֮и(yu)֮Ѓ(ni)f^c(din)A^ܱ֮t(yng)пܵĽY(ji)Dzͬ^c(din)m˲ͬߵҪʬF(xin)һ(g)ҊӻľЈ_źɸm(x)M(jn)˶N^c(din)̎ڲız(yn)ܻ^֮Q@һ^̵ıǏ(qing)ij(g)I(lng)(do)˵Ǵԡ[16]
(dng)ķ˹ġ˼c^c(din)ЈՓͶ˼Ј֮uVЈC(j)ܵҳɞˇ(lin)߷ԺՓЛQՓ(j)[17]Ҳ˺ܶuSW(xu)ָȫЈDzڵ(sh)H˼ЈҲһ(g)ȫ_ŵЈ˼ЈϰҪɫĴýٔ(sh)ѳ^ͬ^c(din)֮gĸcؔ(ci)A(qun)N塢ԄeȵȄY(ji)һڴr˼c^c(din)Јһ(g)̓(gu)J(rn)@ЩuȫՓЈڰl(f)F(xin)෴ķfՓЈĉŔͲƽΣϵKָcF(xin)(sh)֮gIJࡣb@NĴбҪijЩl³J(rn)So(h)ЈһЩʩıҪ
ķ˹ܠՓ^(c)ڏ(qing){(dio)Ҋopinion^c(din)ideas֮gɸګ@J(rn)RՓɌ҂˽(sh)factsÿ҂֪ƫ t tijһ}κ˽r˺κԸf˶аl(f)ԵęC(j)M挍(sh)c̓ټʏs҂ԑ{Ժͽ(jng)(yn)M(jn)ԫ@ڄeNro@õĸƺS(sh)@ͬκ{(dio)(sh)ķͥP(gun)(dng)аl(f)ԺqՓę(qun)һӡһr^ȥĔP(gun)ϵ˃Aڣ1fc(sh)
2رcw(sh)
ߣ3(sh)̓ٵֻ(dng)fԒһֻN֪֮ͥܵ(sh)һ֮~ДҲȻe(cu)`ġҲҷ(dng)fԒʹļp_ƽչ_qՓ(j)ճ(jng)(yn)߉п֮g|(zh)cqՓд°l(f)F(xin)(sh)ĿCҲcqՓl(f)F(xin)(sh)ؽӽڴ˻A(ch)ϵДҲ(sh)HĹՓҲ(yng)(dng)մе_ţԼڏ(f)sӵϢ\(yn)Ժͽ(jng)(yn)挍(sh)c̓٣_cև`Փ҂˽挍(sh)c_һlΣU(xin)ĵ·̓w挍(sh)և`_?yn)Փɵ^?yn)ՓɵIJ?/p>
2.2.2. Sֺͽȫ
(j)һǶ(sh)y(tng)ߵĽy(tng)α횽ڱߵ֮ͬһйQKȡQڶ(sh)ͬ⡣ՓɌεҪԱF(xin)ڣ1ՓʾͬM(jn)ҽy(tng)εıҪlͻԭt]Փɼ]
2ՓƼs(qun)ͱĶ(sh)y(tng)(sh)Ҫ
Լ3ՓɴM(jn)(ni)ͬȺw֮gc֮gϵP(gun)ϵ֮Փ֮ξNܣԒdialogueƼscheckingcţtrust@ɷNP(gun)ϵз@Щܵģ(sh)cٔ(sh)֮gͬȺw֮g
c֮g
1. Ԓ
Ԓ༴Ԓdemocratic dialogue@Փ֮εҪͻĹܡζQKȡQڶ(sh)ҊȻ(sh)Ҋ֮γɲHҪдͬA(ch)ґ(yng)(dng)l(f)ڹӑՓĿgκһ(g)eǬF(xin)ȫͬ|(zh)ͬ(jng)(j)ĻȺwAӡ?ni)Ըγһ(g)ιͬw횽Q挦Ĺ}\}ĽQ_(d)һ̶ȵĹRconsensus[18]RǏ(qing)ÿ(g)ɆTͨ^ԒγɵԒζ֮gͬȺw֮gڹ}֮Ҋ[19]ԒHƽȵģɵtR̓ٶ挍(sh)ڏ(qing)ǻԸǽԸ_(d)ɵ挍(sh)RĻA(ch)֮ϵ^Փɱ鲻ͬȺw֮gԒM(jn)_(d)ɱҪĹRṩһ(g)ɳȱɿgx蹫Q
܌W(xu)ҁɽˠsAlexander MeikleiohnJ(rn)ՓԴҽy(tng)εҪ[20](qing){(dio)ָՓɌ^ЧĹQߵҪfͶƱƺy(tng)ԻӵΨһʽڑN(yn)ֻP(gun)ДďVɢһϵлӵڱ_(d)@ЩӰ(g)棺y(tng)ߵ҂RĹ}
҂회δ˾@Щ}ěQM(jn)Д
҂횹ͬO(sh)Ӌ(j)һNʹ@ЩQǵĺЧõ@ׂ(g)ĻӽP(gun)ՓɵĻӡ[21]ֻЮ(dng)ͶƱߵДǵ挍(sh)ġڳϢβxˌ(sh)F(xin)@һc(din)ͶƱ߱ ȡcijһ}P(gun)ͷ(sh)?yn)ijNՓJ(rn)ǻևe(cu)`ģc҂ԽֹֻҪP(gun)(sh)^c(din)б_(d)ÿ(g)˶ҪfԒÿֵf鶼ҪfˣՓԭtȻĻԵijtǏĹ}(yng)QձͶƱ@һsƌ(do)[22] ˠsM(jn)Փpublic speechȫɣǽ^Ƶ[23]
ˠs(qing){(dio)ɌԒڱ_QߵĹԃr(ji)ֵ(sh)HՓ߀ζÿ(g)ڌԒԸącparticipationcҲһNr(ji)ֵڌԒУ҂Ա_(d)ԼҊ҂ҊeA ҂wԼijɆT]бų֮
ԒHչF(xin)ڲͬͬȺw֮gչF(xin)c֮gõ\(yn)wF(xin)c֮һ(xing)Ƿһ(xing)QǷƽwF(xin)P(gun)HҪϵıCҪ ȡP(gun)ҊڱҪr(sh)(yng)_صϢጹQ(dng)ȻՓɲwF(xin)ڌ@Щ(qing)Ҫ֮жwF(xin)ڌϢӵО֪֮ʲô֪ʲô@ȻԼl(f)o(yng)ٸ(j)Ϣ?zhn)һ{(dio)ĹQγc֮gIJp-Ԓ֮(c(din)̎xһ)
ϢӺҊԒ^͕̾ƉHHڏϢ]ЏĹϢӣԒ͕׃ɆĹݔ[24](dng)Ȼκw֮¶һ̶ȵpΨڳՓɵw֮cČԒп
2.Ƽs
ՓɌεƼswF(xin)ڃɂ(g)棨1ՓɌ(sh)(qun)Ƽs
2(qun)Ƽs[25]
ՓɌ(sh)y(tng)Ι(qun)Ƽs漰c֮gP(gun)ϵһN⡣ϵăr(ji)ֵ(g)ɺ͙(qun)Ǹġǽy(tng)Ι(qun)ȻoՓ(qun)ڶ(sh)߀ٔ(sh)пֺϵ˹FfҪę(qun)ɻָκFεćڱ|(zh)ɵćң[26]@˻ζ(qun)]κƼso\(yn)ȟoȶҎ(gu)to_Ľ羀(sh)y(tng)ΘOпܳɞ(sh)SO(sh)Ӌ(j)ּڱĶ(sh)y(tng)(sh)ՓɱеһN
ζnjڶ(sh)(qun)һNƼsּڱς(g)ڶ(sh)˽(jng)֮(sh)Q(sh)ʩֺ֮Ҏ(gu)(qun)(qun)֮ԲɄZnj(sh)(qun)һNƼs[27]Փɼǻ(qun)֮һՓɲͬ(qun)֮̎(dng)(sh)ͨ^?q)ٔ?sh)˵ijN(qun)M(jn)Љƕr(sh)ٔ(sh)ɵӑՓԱʾҊԓ(j)Ԡȡ(sh)(ni)һЩ˵֧ͬɴ˵ƉԱo(h)(qun)(dng)]Փɕr(sh)˱ܻVT֮eok[28]
ՓɲHǶ(sh)˵Փٔ(sh)˵Փɡ(dng)Ǟ(sh)ֵ֧һ(g)r(sh)ҲDz(yng)ٔ(sh)˵Փɵġ[29]@Nƌڽкڣ1(sh)ԉٔ(sh)Փɣζֻ]߅ɡȻҊ(sh)|(zh)ϲǹ̶׃tҪʧȥĶ(sh)|(zh)ɞٔ(sh)˵Ҋ(zh)@NҊʧȥ|(zh)2SͬҊĴ(sh)HljƻZ˲ֹ(qun)кwďVԡ3(sh)^Ƕٔ(sh)r(sh)ЗlĽY(ji)һ(g)֮ҊڵĶ(sh)Ҳỹ(ni)IJͬҊ(dng)ijһl(f)ڕr(sh)(sh)֮еijЩٔ(sh)ѳֳɞՓƵܺ@ڲʧȥՓɕr(sh)档ֻбÿһ(g)˵ՓܱεĽl(f)չRˣHugo Blackԣ֮Փc(dng)ˣtܟo˓@Nɡ[30](dng)o˓@Nɕr(sh)Ҳo˿M(jn)xϵΡ
@NxفՓfՓɲHDZ_(d)_ġc^c(din)һµҊDZ_(d)e(cu)`ġҊɣ
HǶ(sh)(sh)`VI(lng)·ɣٔ(sh)f
Hu|(zh)ռy(tng)ελnj߅D(zhun)һ(g)У(sh)Ҋ(sh)HDzҪo(h)ٔ(sh)^c(din)t܉֮Փɵĺxڱo(h)Щƫxwr(ji)ֵ^ՓһÓx@һJ(rn)Rͺyl(f)F(xin)Փɵxˡ[31]z(yn)һ(g)Փ֮挍(sh)ԵɿĘ(bio)(zhn)ٔ(sh)Ҋܱϵij̶
ՓɌ(qun)ƼsñF(xin)ՓɵݛՓO(jin)һ(g)˽(w)ę(qun)н¶uC(j)(gu)نTĞEÙ(qun)Ȳ(dng)Оɣ@ڹ(qun)ʹһNO(jin)cƼsنT`ɻҎ(gu)`£Կܘ(gu)ɲ(dng)О(dng)һ(g)J(rn)نTО鲻(dng)r(sh)Ԍ֮¶ڱl؟(z)@ЩОעͷýwݛՓO(jin)аl(f)]ҪҪáҲ܉ҕ_(d)ʽنT˾(dng)ʾظVzeLԼһ(g)w^(q)͆λڿݛՓӑķɢVá
ՓɌ(qun)ƼswF(xin)ׂ(g)棺1ӹ(qun)(ni)ıO(jin)C(j)ںܶr(sh)ijһC(j)(gu)֮ԕһC(j)(gu)ʹƼscO(jin)ķ؟(z)ݛՓĉ@N؟(z)ӛߺ(g)˵Ĺ2SֺʹM(jn)C(j)(gu)نTR3ͨ^xeC(j)ưl(f)]ɵՓg˂نTIJ(dng)ОĽ¶uγһݛՓһ(g)نT\(yn)KQxͶƱr(sh)ur(ji)@N¶uȻӰxur(ji)@NݛՓԌ(qun)EһƼsغͶֹ
ҪݛՓO(jin)ķɸ(j)ʲôڱҕݛՓO(jin)ՓɵĹ֮һ㌎Ƿн¶ԼuنT(dng)ОՓ(sh)ֻҎ(gu)Փə(qun)δἰ¶u@Nr@Nɿԏđڌ(sh)`τt˾C(j)P(gun)̎аl(f)չǏĚvʷпđJ(rn)Փɰl(f)չJ(rn)u¶EÙ(qun)Ȳ(dng)ОՓ@֮gһ(g)ܺLĚvʷ^̡҇t]@Ny҇41lҎ(gu)κ·ҙC(j)P(gun)͇ҹˆTuͽhę(qun)
ʧ^ОVظzeę(qun)@һlҎ(gu)҇н¶uنT(dng)О֮Փɵֱӷɸ(j)c35lP(gun)ՓɵҎ(gu)eҎ(gu)cһҎ(gu)P(gun)ϵ҇һԵҎ(gu)Փ֮eҎ(gu)н¶uنT(dng)ОՓɣf҇
3.
SһP(gun)ϵδڵĻA(ch)@NP(gun)ϵF(xin)ڃɂ(g)棺1ͬĹȺwH֮gͬһ(g)ο֮ГҌ鹲ͬΑҎ(gu)tηwϵҲϵĹͬΡ2c(jng)ֱӻgxea(chn)֮gҲε@Ȼ]еһNP(gun)ϵȻў鲻ͬιͬwܡͬһ(g)¡Dz(wn)ġ]еڶNP(gun)ϵĻA(ch)Dz(wn)ġ(dng)@ЩP(gun)ƶȺµԭP(gun)ϵF(xin)ѿp½څݕr(sh)F(xin)ϷΣC(j)[32]Ć}һ(g)иͬȺwĹͬI(y)ͬO(sh)I(y)ھScM(jn)@ɷNP(gun)ϵėlĿM(jn)е
ScM(jn)@ɷNP(gun)ϵķʽ;кܶNҪķʽ;njRĹ}(w)_ƽȵӑՓ
@NӑՓٿԴM(jn)ͬȺw֮g(sh)cٔ(sh)֮g˽(dng)һ_(d)ʲôһ֪ʲôϣʲôʲô֮Ȼǽ˽ĻA(ch)֮ϵġp܉ƽoӑՓ}п_(d)һՏcΡڌԒ֮ηΌ϶Ǵڵġε֮һͨ^ɌԒęC(j)ʹ͌_(d)һ̶ȵĺCcη(qing)ҊһmȻݛՓ_ϳʬF(xin)һɫijǻЩδ_݆Tδ˷ŗԼҏ(qing)Ҋһɶ@һȺwȺw@һ}_(d)˽⡢֮ͨԵӄȺwɴl(f)(yu)Ⱥw͔ҕwԼһw֮(dng)Ը(j)|(zh)Щͨ^Փ_(d)Ըܿͨ^_(d)ȥѻһNƶȡڌՓ}ϵx(sh)HɆTP(gun)ϵǡͶͬ߀ǡ֮ͬ͡ȡϵx͡cͬɼ߀Ǒ(yng)(dng)ɼ{ȡͶͬƶO(sh)Ӌ(j)[33]
Փ֮ڸһNP(gun)ϵеһN̵Ʒ֮(dng)Ĺܣʹڴܺ^֮ǰxxηN·֮ǰNͬҊһ(g)ƽı_(d)C(j)һ猦֮VA(dng)ȵVA(qun)@һƽ_ԵxC(j)ƱCĽK˽Y(ji)٠h(j)(dng)ЛQV(dng)ƽ͵ؽһЩxǰxľVI(lng)ΨɱԹǷȱfǵx{(dio)ɞ(sh)ҊŬ?yn)ٔ?sh)Ҋɞ(sh)Ҋĺƽ֮;_ŵģVTĿԱ㱻ؽЩɌԒC(j)γɵĹQҲԫ@ձc
(dng)ȻijЩw@ƫҊĘOՓ_(sh)l(f)ҵČεP(gun)ϵ(gu)һ{[34]@ܘ(gu)ɉՓɵijʹ@NՓcƫҊͬr(sh)߀(yng)Ҏ(gu)˂Оę(qun)Խ˂ОՓΣͣՓ֮ϣʹڰl(f)չ鱩_ͻĶS^m(x)ԒĿԡ
c֮gҲ(yng)(dng)ε@HϷԵĻA(ch)\(yn)õȻڬF(xin)(sh)c֮gºͲɅs^Ҋcɵԭ֮һՓIJM(jn)ЌW(xu)g(sh)оͰl(f)Փr(sh)(dn)̤˽^(q)ƲɲԸԺԲԵĬF(xin)ĮM̹\ξͳ˹đB(ti)ͬr(sh)ҲDzźͲι³F(xin)ͬɵݛՓОu|(zh)@ӵȻϢӣeP(gun)Ϣ́ԇP(gun)һNܸõĽy(tng)ʽϢڰԼڱeЩГp(sh)ڹݛՓ̓|(zh)oЫ@ʩͿ(j)һ(g)ѼgϢvă(ni)ϢW(wng)j(lu)ͽNǹ_ijӡˢϱض(ni)F(xin)o_е֪P(gun)ĺһعϢɺСϢʢСc֮gIJՓɵĠB(ti)^m(x)ȥ@ӵ߀Oп܌(sh)ֵǰzƶҪƻhЩy(tng)ε֡ǰzԴһNIJּ˹IJ
ںϷҪ֮£ܲȡֶʹԼϷϷһNCֶλʽ}[35]ȻCֶβṩMһ(g)Ʒͨ^ͨ^ýwȥĺϷԸ(j)ƿŔýwɞҪýwһNCֶwF(xin)ׂ(g)棺1w(sh)
2ͨ^eԺնSZȷʽCĺϷԣ
3˵ķC
4IJͬĺϷ^ų⡣
Ȼ@һϷ^(do)µýY(ji)Ҳ^ǹĕr(sh)ġäĿĆ(sh)Hιڞ@¹ζ(sh)ʩһwĿƴʩıOIJ(dn)ġº{(dng)@һϵy(tng)ijһh(hun)(ji)ʧ`ӓuĕr(sh)(g)ϵy(tng)핿g߽ȫϷԻA(ch)̱ȫD(zhun)׃?yu)ȫɡ෴ɌϢȫųD(zhun)׃?yu)ȫӼ{Ȟ鱾y(tng)΄Ūy(tng)΄Ū@Փc֮gȱ(do)µı[36]
(dng)҂ՓĉLcgεһNҪԭʣµĆ}ƺͱ^ˣՓɌڜpcgđwB(yng)εҪ(c(din)̎xһ)
(dng)ɵ˽͂P(gun)ОµϢʹXǹ_̹\[mȱc(din)ʧ`(dng)ɵuhՓC(j)(gu)نTıF(xin)Xt̓ĺͰݵġ(dng)gݛՓ˷eOķ(yng)J(rn)ؓ(f)؟(z)A ֮Փ(qing)R͌θ
ՓȌՓĉƣB(yng)oԵ˼cДɵӑՓL@һNeһNߌԼԼ(g)߀к_߱ض@ù(jin)֧ݛՓH@һ(g)ԴȪ@ֵ֧һ(g)ԴȪһ(g)J(rn)ؓ(f)؟(z)ֻՓɵĭh(hun)впʩ
ՓɌεNܣԒƼscšԒǻƼsܡıƼscƺDzһµƼscеP(gun)(lin)-ٔ(sh)(sh)đɺđńt(qing){(dio)Փ֮g_(d)ƼscŲìܵƼsĿIJǞ˼͔U(ku)ɣǞ_(d)ͬr(sh)֮һNĿĺȡ?yn)@ɷN]БɵäKY(ji)ضǮa(chn)đɡһ̶ȵđcΌζҪQ֮҂H(yng)(dng)(qing){(dio)ՓɵƼsґ(yng)(dng)(qing){(dio)ĹŹܡ
@J(rn)RxڱՓɲǃHHǂ(g)ˌٔ(sh)(sh)ę(qun)^ę(qun)ζՓҪųĵĸζ(g)˵ҪʾxࣺՓɵČ(sh)F(xin)HҪųĸҪϺͱ
ՓɵĿgй(g)c(sh)治HЌһһµһµУՓɼN(yn)N(yn)CΨѭ˼·ՓՓHѽ(jng)oጬF(xin)(sh)İl(f)չҲܝMr(sh)Ҫ
@ֵķ҂߀ԿՓɲHһ(xing)(qun)һ(xing)Ҫƶһ(xing)(qun)Ŀͬr(sh)ǾSϵƶȵһ(g)ֶ]Փ(qun)xeƶʧȥ(yng)xһ(g)RՓڴ˷xȰՓһ(xing)˙(qun)ҲՓһ(xing)ƶȼԾSo(h)
2.2.3.So(h)cM(jn)(g)˃r(ji)ֵ
ՓɲHM(jn)֪R@ScȫεıҪֶ䱾ĿֶM(jn) ߵ
ĿģM(jn)ߵ
ՓM(jn)ڲͬČW(xu)вͬc_(d)ʽͨ@NQ^(g)ɡindividual liberty[37](g)˵Ҍ(sh)F(xin)individual self-realization[38]Ұl(f)չself-development[39]ҳɾ͡self-fulfillment[40](g)individual autonomy[41]ұF(xin)self-expression[42]ʹķ@Щg(sh)Zքe(c)ɷN(ni)еһN1(qing){(dio)(g)˵־؛QP(gun)ˣՓɼ־һNҪlڱF(xin)
2(qing){(dio)Փǂ(g)˵l(f)չͲ-(sh)F(xin)ĸNY|(zh)Mԡ`Ρ-ıҪlԼ(g)(sh)F(xin)(g)Ŀ(bio)ıҪlһN(ni)(c)ڲڿƵĂ(g)cԛQ
ڶN(ni)(c)ڂ(g)˃(ni)ڵĝܼԸČ(sh)F(xin)һNڣOɵĸ
ڶNڰl(f)չĸ^(g)˃r(ji)ֵw@ɷNr(ji)ֵ֮J(rn)ՓھSo(h)cM(jn)@Щr(ji)ֵ
-ڿƵcԛQһNƣgood֮˵һ(g)ҪlڹϣD_Rr(sh)һ(g)^(q)eū`Ę(bio)־cУڵăɷNʽ˼ڡoڼi֮tppҵɣҲpp֮ڵăr(ji)ֵxՓɰl(f)㣬ʹܵһ(g)(d)ɱ_(d)ĝMijNҳɾ֮С[43]
xһ(g)˵(yn)һ(g)˱ҕДǷǺ͵ԅ^(q)eƐһ(g)܉ЧcԿصһ(g)܉Լxˡ@ӵһ(g)ѼҪϢ ȡdȤ^c(din)Ȼ\(yn)ԼԷҸ(j)ԼĽ(jng)(yn)γДxQ挍(sh)߀̓ٵ߀кǹ߀DzJ(rn)飬m @ЩϢҊt͕ѻ`(do);ӻô(sh)Hҕһ(g)Ժ͵ϲˡ@NJ(rn)Roɽă(ni)ڃr(ji)ֵHһ(g)ˑ(yng)е(yn)κ΄-oՓC(j)(gu)߀hеĶ(sh)-]Й(qun)҂m ˼ijĸ(j)҂|ijЩϢҊ-Ψˣ҂ܱ˵(yn)
҂ҵĹijɆTһNP(gun)һԸodzڌP(gun)dzһNǞijNxȻJ(rn)҂@NһN]Ѓr(ji)ֵąc҂Z˱_(d)ęC(j)@NZ͘(gu)Ɍ˵(yn)ҕ@NZĽY(ji)ڱ҂Ҋ]ܵcҊһӵ(sh)H҂]ceͬȵP(gun)c҂҂ڽM֮r(sh)˴˼sMɵ@һ(g)C(j)P(gun)(yng)ԓͬȵP(gun)ĺÿһ(g)ɆTôSһֳɆTl(f)Ҋͬr(sh)һְl(f)Ҋ@ܲfһNҕ[44]@Nҕpp҂һ(g)ҹɆTxoһՓɶZһ˵ՓȻZһ˵ՓɲͬȵһՓɣɿҲp֮(dng)҂ZcҊ֮ƽęC(j)ڿܱA ֮ǰ횾}ڿܱ֮ǰq(dng)҂⚢һՓĹܵϢ(dng)҂?yn)һԒһ(g)һNn-һԒ(dng)ɱƣ(yn)Աm˹fɱ_(d)Ŀ옷c҂o
Փһ(g)˵Եİl(f)չ͵˸Ľȫһ(g)˲ܱ_(d)Ҋòŗ(jin)ֵă(ni)ıضʹ(dng)ò_(d)Ҋ-eDZ횽Լġև`˵ġ֮r(sh)ʹtܵPڱZijN֔(jn)УήªȲe˵H֕r(sh)H?yn)֪Լǂ(g)ųfԒͬr(sh)һЩF(xin)(sh)힓P(yng)ЩԼŵͲ\˼Ըfe߶ʉՓɵĕr(sh)ضһ(g)e˸Ťĕr(sh)҂fՓɕʹ˂?ni)fԒ-κΕr(sh)˹fԒ{Փ܉ʹЩfԒ˿ԲfԒՓṩ˸Lһ(g)Ҫĭh(hun)
ͬՓҲһ(g)Եİl(f)չһNұF(xin)Ҍ(sh)F(xin)չʾͰl(f)չĸNÝ_(d)O(sh)ĿġS(d)ص̈́(chung)ͬⷽʽ@(g)oӵóзe˲ͬκ˵Ľ(jng)(yn)_(d)HЄӶZԡұF(xin)ضĝܺԸҌ(sh)F(xin)ij̶@Nһ(g)ČW(xu)һˇg(sh)ҶͿܚȥǰ
2.2.4.ɷNҪr(ji)ֵ TcՓе(lin)ϵɵՓǴM(jn)@Щӳɾ͵ıҪl֮һ҂һһeӵÿһI(lng)ՓɵNr(ji)ֵՓăr(ji)ֵfr(ji)ֵӳǰNr(ji)ֵľwr(ji)ֵֻҪǰNr(ji)ֵԱăr(ji)ֵȻ@F(xin)ȻָɷNҪr(ji)ֵһNnj(wn)ăr(ji)ֵ
һNnjĻO(sh)ăr(ji)ֵ
1ՓṩƽֶθĸΡɼƶȵһ(g)lṩijQy(tng)ߵһ(g)lҲṩʹM(jn)ķ(wn)r(ji)һ(g)l
S˿J(rn)飬ՓɄݱ회(do)аfM˂ҕ yʧ˼ԪMoɢ?yn)^c(din)ļҌڄӁy@N(dn)(do)@һNY(ji)匦y(tng)˼ĘOSo(h)͌ՓĴӓ鷥߶y(tng)һЄ?yn)y(tng)һ˼N(yn)Ȼ@Nڷdzr(sh)֕r(sh)пԲѶ֮ҲSؓ(f)ƽr(sh)ͺܴĬ(jng)w{ǰָһЩˣ1ԏ(qing)߉ʹһ(g)Д鲻
2(do)½m(yng)׃ĭh(hun)µ^
3wR挍(sh)}ʹoע@Щ}[45]
ĬָߵĴ_Ȼ@NڣԺʎQìF(xin)ڕr(sh)(wn)vʷd˼뉺Փnj(do)Ӂyһ(g)Դ?yn)鮐˼Qܱȫסİeqػڵ\(yn)(dng)һкƽİl(f)йܵȻ(qing)бl(f)ɞһƉԵ\粼m˹ԣ˂˼δϣćΣU(xin)ģ
?yn)֑֕?do)ɵĉ
L֮(do)Թ
Թt{ķ(wn)[46](wn)֮ߣ粼m˹ڡ횽o˂C(j)ɵӑՓ_(d)ȴίԼμa(b)֮[47]Փɺ_ӑՓ֮ȫͷ(wn)HʹпܵƽеһNƷ֮(dng)Ĺ@һc(din)ǰѽ(jng)ָՓɹȻһĻyǃɺ(qun)ȡp(wn)@DZҪġ̵܉ЄϼԿƵĻy
κyⲻMwM֮ƶҪǻۺ̈́[48]^c(din)ČҊĶijB(ti)DZҪĺġoԻB(yng)m(yng)µľrM(jn)ꐴx^Ĭָǘһ(g)ͨڅbڴˣ_(d)ɿԱm(dng)?sh)ҕһ(g)^-ĺε׃ʹ⽩˥[49]
(wn)cl(f)չoɵՓ@һoɵ^аl(f)]ɻȱã@һwF(xin)һ(g)ĸĸr(sh)ĸһ(g)漰ǧf֮I(y)e(cu)`ĸĸʩʎ˲܉P(gun)ߵҊďVcǸĸﷀ(wn)M(jn)ͬr(sh)ĸɹҪYԴǏV@һ(g)˻ٔ(sh)ṩгЧĸĸʩȺڌ(sh)`̽á]ՓȺԭ(chung)͵òֵİl(f)]ķ(wn)Ͱl(f)չĸĕr(sh)һ(g)ҪՓɵĕr(sh)
2Փߺُ(qing){(dio)ՓɌĻO(sh)xĻ漰(g)˻ȺwW(xu)ƫÆ}y_e(cu)`^(q)ec톖}oP(gun)ǡǡ˵ұF(xin)ķ֮(ni)
ՓɌĻO(sh)ʾּǣеÿһ(g)˶Й(qun)cĻÿһ(g)˶ܵġF(xin)wxɂ(g)棺1ՓɱϞy(tng)(x)͑TݵʽĻ
2ՓɱϞĻųͅ߅Ļ(c(din)̎xһ)
Փ֮ĻxҪwF(xin)ڃɂ(g)棺S¡ÿ(g)˶ԱF(xin)W(xu)ƫN塢Ԅeg֪RˮƽôĻ@_ǰٻRţһ֧(d)Ҏ(gu)һ(g)ģʽɘӰ壬(qing)ǧ˰ّB(ti)ˇg(sh)֮ұF(xin)Y(ji)pĻSSٔ(sh)߳y(tng)ķhȥLԇµĻʽôy(tng)Ļ(ni)ܵõ
Ļһ(xing)`ԻՓɽoɰďV
2.3.ɷNW(xu)f
ՓUՓɵăr(ji)ֵr(sh)γһЩͬČW(xu)f@ЩW(xu)f漰ՓɵIJͬՓCʽ
ՓɵNr(ji)ֵl(f)F(xin)ȫκұF(xin)γNW(xu)f fȫΡ fұF(xin) f[50]J(rn)Փ֮ҪĿˣJ(rn)ՓɵΨһĿ[51]fcȫfP(gun)(lin)߶ՓҕһNߡJ(rn)Փ֮Ҫ?yn)˂һN(ni)ڵĵ(qun)ȥ_(d)Ҋ?yn)S_(d)Ҋ܉oõĽY(ji)c˲ͬұF(xin)fJ(rn)Փ֮в?yn)܉oٺ̎Դ˵ă(ni)ڵĵ(qun)ǰҕ ߵһҕߵ档ȫfᳫˠsfεķʽУ沢֮ ֮ġP(gun)I֮̎ÿ(g)˶fԒÿֵf鶼f[52]ұF(xin)f֧QՓǷܵo(h)֮Д(bio)(zhn)ԓՓǷˣ Пo-ƩǷǷڴM(jn)֮ȫ-ԓՓǷߣspeakerıF(xin)[53].Ժcǰߵijl(f)c(din)ՓA(ch)Dzͬ
J(rn)ՓɵĿIJһNǶһϵеǞ˱ϹұF(xin)ҲfĵҪnjՓ鹫һN(qun)Ҏ(gu)(qun)֮Ǟ˙(qun)w@Ҳų@Nͬr(sh)ܴM(jn)Һw
·ֶǡɵʥ(jng)c֮gsǹ˵ę(qun)ϻ(qun)ּڱCÿ(g)һЩɄZՓ鹫һ(xing)(qun)DZϹɂϢͱ_(d)ҊеĂ(g)M(jn)֪Rȫֻнr(ji)ֵKĿڽ֮֮cɂ(g)˳L(sh)F(xin)M(jn)(g)(yn)[54]҂(yng)ڵĽǶȁu@N(qun)(yng)(dng)ȏă(ni)ڵĽǶȿ϶֮(yng)(j) ߵ갷(yng)ߵo(h)
һNҊʹJ(rn)e(cu)`ҲԌ_(d)Ҫ?yn)ķ̲ṩʹ߸rČ?yn)@NҊ˓һNɄZı_(d)Ҋę(qun)һ֪ԣmٝͬ^c(din)Lj(jin)Ql(wi)_(d)^c(din)ę(qun)fǴxܠҲfʹһ֮ȫһNҊ@һ˳෴ҊôҪʹ@һ˳Ĭ@һˣЙ(qun)ԒҪʹĬ^(dng)[55]
ͬһՓɌε\(yn)_йDžcβHHǞǵĹQ߫I(xin)Ӌ(j)I(xin)ߣcһN(qun)҂^еİl(f)ԺͶƱʹ@N(qun)
һNՓ҂횳ɹՓCߵڹ܉Փɵę(qun)һՓCʧ(qun)ĴڄtRΣU(xin)҂?yn)ĹöJ(rn)Щ˅sܻJ(rn)ĸöȡՓՓCǴĺȱݵġ
(yng)ָJ(rn)ՓһN(ni)ڙ(qun)Ԅӵرđ(yng)ܱϵķͳ̶(qun)Ĵc(qun)Ȳһ¡mȻٝͬұF(xin)fDzJ(rn)鷲顰ıF(xin)Փ(yng)ܵϣ(qun)ԼԸ(j)ՓĸN_ͻIJͬ|(zh)o費ͬՓԲͬı@ЩһֵĿ(ni)
3.Փɵ
3.1.ȵĺx
ǡ(dng)?sh)fՓɵκ֧ՓɵՓƬȱģȱfҲ]Ќ(sh)Č(sh)`x^ָϵ|(zh)Ļµ|(zh)ϵțQ˵J(rn)RϵwF(xin)팦ߵ\(sh)ҪϵȄtf߿ɵر_(d)Փ?f)?dn)ķ֮(qing)ƑPĽ羀ՓɵҲfǷ֮ʩՓϵơ@һ̽ӑļǺ^@Ȼ@һ(g)ܠʽĆ}[56]
ơһ(g)(yng)Ȼ}漰@(g)}֮ǰڌ(sh)ȻϷƵW(xu)ν(jng)(j)W(xu)Ҳһxһ˂J(rn)ͳijN^c(din)P(gun)ϵ(yn)csu(y)^c(din)Ǖr(sh)(sh)˕еõҸXĆʧy^tϲԸ⿴Լ^c(din)gCϣe܉ԼҊRϣԼҊy(tng)һе˂һNAܽ^ųZһNͬĴ(dng)ɂ(g)ͬҊߵλƽȡஔ(dng)r(sh)һȡһֶf(dng)һЙ(qun)-oՓnjƵ߀ę(qun)r(sh)пʹ÷ɵԉƌՓ֮Ȍ(sh)Hоڃ(yu)ݵλһ܉һ˱_(d)ͬҊȡ
(j)R˼xΨʷ^Kĺx|(zh)a(chn)Q˼a(chn)@ζձrՓcՓߵĬF(xin)(sh)(qing)(lin)ϵһrSo(h)ijNՓKĿǾSo(h)ijNF(xin)(sh)ijNՓҲּډijNČy(tng)AƿصĹ(qun)ԾSo(h)ijNRΑB(ti)Ľy(tng)ελ(sh)|(zh)ͨ^So(h)@NRΑB(ti)Ľy(tng)ελԾSo(h)c(jng)(j)ϵĽy(tng)ελijЩr(sh)^c(din)δȻ֮С(qun)е֮һND(zhun)֮еڅvʷԪԴM(jn)˼cՓĶԪ(dng)Ҫ֮g_(d)һNB(ti)(dng)NJ(rn)Roͨ^(qing)PֲͬҊ(dng)Ըٴν(jng)˼c_ͻl(f)ѪՓɱɞF(xin)(sh)
ƵW(xu)ν(jng)(j)W(xu)V҂]lČ(sh)طһ˵ՓֻǷ˵Փ@ՓɵĶЕr(sh)_ce(cu)`cаc֮gĶǸN֮gĶһͨ(bio)ЩSo(h)cµĸ(j)̓̓ٵġcƵăɷ]cϵIJeҪϵIJe(dng)R@һc(din)r(sh)S܉o費ͬՓһc(din)Čݡ҂̽ӑՓɵһҲf̽ӑҷʩՓ֮ϵď(qing)
3.2.ɷN
Փɵȡ@һᷨߵՓǽ^@һ沢ǿԽ^؉һȻڱߵ@һ^c(din)r(sh)ܲᵽһNһ㱻Q顰^x
^xЩ`ǘՓЉһеĽ^ɣHHijЩՓн^ˠsһλĽ^xՓJ(rn)ՓɌ(sh)|(zh)ϵ˂cεę(qun)?yn)εę?qun)ǽ^Աε^eδƵՓҲDzƵġƵՓһеՓHHc(w)P(gun)ġՓЩ漰ɴֱӻgͶƱʾҊcP(gun)֮}ġՓpolitical speech[57]ˠs팢^o(h)U(ku)չP(gun)܌W(xu)ͿƌW(xu)ČW(xu)ˇg(sh)Փ?yn)@ЩՓ_l(f)B(yng)ͶƱr(sh)ȫ֮Д[58]෴cΟoP(gun)ġ˽Փprivate speechtoؙ(qun)ˠsJ(rn)hЙ(qun)x(w)ֹijЩʽՓ^ur[59]J(rn)˷ՓǷұ횳^[60]ˠs߀J(rn)@ɷNDzìܵģڇ(yn)֮hԡ{(dio)regulate(j)ҵՓ_(d)@N{(dio)]Щy(tng)Իӵ[61]
_ء˽ڵĽ^xͬˠs֮̎Ľ^ϷHЩ@Փpurely and explicitly political speech@ӵՓ漰֮ОµՓwHنTĹО֮ur(ji)uҰθxԼP(yng)Փ[62]
@N^x˼ҲӰ?C
c(din)x