高考短文填空技巧
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-01-18 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊： 
高考短文填空技巧篇一：高考英語七選五_閱讀填空試題_答題技巧
2013年高考英語七選五閱讀理解（遼、瓊、寧、京） 該類題型要求從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中（均為完整的句子）選出五個(gè)能填入文章空處的最佳選項(xiàng)，主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形式深受英語四六級(jí)和考研閱讀多項(xiàng)選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了《新課標(biāo)》―用英語獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語思維的能力�！拈喿x學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點(diǎn)，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項(xiàng)少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點(diǎn)不完全相同而已。
從《考試說明》對(duì)該題型命題目的的表述―主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。‖可以得出以下判斷：該題備選項(xiàng)可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。其多余的兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)也往往從這三方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置，例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。
【題型分析】
分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關(guān)鍵，英語的語篇（discourse）通常是由句子和語段（sentence group）構(gòu)成的，語段是句子和語篇之間的中間層次，句子雖然能夠單獨(dú)地表達(dá)相對(duì)完整的思想，但是它不能表達(dá)多方面的、比較復(fù)雜的思想，只有把幾個(gè)句子結(jié)合為較大的言語片段，才能表達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的層意，所謂的―積句而成章，積章而成篇�！褪沁@個(gè)道理。
分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層次，也就是段落，另一種是分析每一個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語篇層次。
語篇與段落是有區(qū)別的，語段是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的中間層次，是由句子到篇的一種過渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些語體（如記敘文、議論文）中比語段更大的意義單位，較小的段落可以只包括一個(gè)語段或一個(gè)句子，一般來說，一個(gè)段落通常由幾個(gè)語段構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成語段的方式有兩種，一是靠句際間意義的結(jié)合，二是靠句際間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，邏輯性插入語來連接，在分析語段層次時(shí)，可以借助句際間的連接詞語作出判斷，但最主要的還是要真正體會(huì)句際間
的意義關(guān)系，把握作者的思路，從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點(diǎn)，理清層次，好文章的層次非常清晰，只有層層入手，才能真正理解文章。
例如：（2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題）
第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2分, 滿分10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or The following methods may work best for you.
●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. ● Write your notes in your own words.
●● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速記). When you do, be sure that A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
答案：GEFAD
分析：這篇文章整體分為四個(gè)段落層次，每個(gè)段落均由幾個(gè)語段構(gòu)成相對(duì)獨(dú)立地語義單位，各段都圍繞―Taking good notes‖這樣一個(gè)中心話題，形成了文章的線性結(jié)構(gòu)。
第一段講述的是做筆記是好學(xué)生在多方面的一項(xiàng)省時(shí)技巧，第二段講述的是不管何時(shí)、用何種方法做筆記，都要有選擇性的做記錄，第三段講述的是做筆記的最佳方法，第四段講述的是要記住自己的速記符號(hào)，這就形成了文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，這對(duì)下一步的做題有了明確的整體方向。
【解題策略】
1．理清句際間意義的關(guān)系
文章的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)各層各段的大意有機(jī)地組合而成，各個(gè)層次，各個(gè)段落之間不管怎樣錯(cuò)落有致，但它所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容都是要圍繞中心的，各句之間都有一定的語脈，從邏輯意義上來看，語段的句際關(guān)系可分為平列、順序、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等關(guān)系。構(gòu)成語段的各個(gè)句子之間有時(shí)可以包含一種以上的句際關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀材料時(shí)一定要把握語脈，理清句際間的關(guān)系，進(jìn)而理解語段或全文的內(nèi)容。
如上述2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題中，第一段的第一句―Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways‖與下面幾句是解釋關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系是指后面的句子對(duì)前面的句子作解釋、引申、例證，使意思更加明了、具體。后三句之間是平列關(guān)系，平列關(guān)系指句與句之間處于平等并列的地位，互不相屬，而只是組合在一起共同說明一個(gè)問題。平列關(guān)系組合的語段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改變句子的相互位置并不改變整個(gè)語段的意思。
第二段的第一句與第二句是層遞關(guān)系，層遞關(guān)系是一種固定的順序關(guān)系，但又不同與順序關(guān)系，順序關(guān)系指構(gòu)成語段的各句子只能按事物發(fā)展的過程由先而后地順序排列，不可隨
意改變次序，通常在記敘文或描述固定的操作程序的說明文中用得普遍，而層遞關(guān)系組合的語段是按語意的輕重、認(rèn)識(shí)的深淺作由輕到重、由淺入深的排列。第三句與第四句是解釋關(guān)系，第一、二句組合為一個(gè)語段，第三、四句組合為另外一個(gè)語段，語段與語段之間是總分關(guān)系，總分關(guān)系是指前面的句子陳述兩個(gè)過兩個(gè)以上的對(duì)象，后面的句子緊接著分別對(duì)它們加以說明。用這種方式組合的語段能夠前呼后應(yīng)，彼此配合，使語脈清楚，條分縷析，如―Whenever or however you take notes‖一句與前兩句前呼后應(yīng)，彼此配合，為前句選―E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. ‖埋伏了一筆，邏輯性很強(qiáng)。
第三段的第一句與下面幾句是解釋關(guān)系，而后列舉的方法是平列關(guān)系。
第四段的最后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系指句與句之間存在意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，通常表達(dá)對(duì)比或?qū)φ盏囊馑肌?/p>
2．找出句子之間的連接性的詞語
文章的語句間的組合，除了從語句間的意義關(guān)系分析外，還可借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握，因?yàn)檫B接性詞語能表明這個(gè)語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系是
承接關(guān)系（如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等）
平列關(guān)系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude等）。比如文章中的選項(xiàng)71，由Second、Third得知應(yīng)選表示平列關(guān)系的句子G.項(xiàng)。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等）。比如選項(xiàng)75，與前句構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)答案。
層遞關(guān)系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what‘s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等）。如72 選項(xiàng)，與前句組合為層遞關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選包含also的E.項(xiàng)句子。
解釋關(guān)系，如73選項(xiàng)應(yīng)選F.選項(xiàng)，與74選項(xiàng)平等的，是一組祈示句，而非陳述句，故應(yīng)選A.項(xiàng)而非B項(xiàng)。
總之，對(duì)一個(gè)語段或語篇的分析，可以按以下步驟進(jìn)行：
（1）通讀全文，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。 在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因?yàn)楱D開門見山‖與―結(jié)尾總結(jié)‖的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開，并對(duì)文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時(shí)，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為―結(jié)尾總結(jié)‖式，如兩者均可排除，則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意，首段與末段的提示作用。
（2）詳讀段落，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會(huì)根據(jù)整體文章寫作主題展開，對(duì)文章主體進(jìn)行的不同方面的描述。找出各個(gè)小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。
（3）定位選項(xiàng)，明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)尤為注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。
在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選項(xiàng)放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。
一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在選項(xiàng)定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索，文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子甚至每個(gè)短語均融為一體。如果帶入選項(xiàng)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其它選項(xiàng)。
（4）通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。 在完成選項(xiàng)定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相
高考短文填空技巧篇二：2016高考英語閱讀填空七選五7選5答題技巧及體驗(yàn)
閱讀填空七選五7選5答題技巧及體驗(yàn)
2016高考英語閱讀填空（七選五7選5）答題技巧及真題體驗(yàn)
1．先看選項(xiàng)，通過選項(xiàng)中句子的句意或者句子后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來判斷該句在文章中的可能位置。
2．再看空前空后，由于句子與句子之間有一種相關(guān)的聯(lián)系，所以我們可以在選項(xiàng)中尋找與空前空后的句子有某種必然聯(lián)系的關(guān)鍵詞，從而選擇正確的答案。
3．注意代詞在句子中的使用，利用代詞的指代作用，我們可以從選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的信息。
4．注意一些特殊疑問詞，如果選項(xiàng)中或空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問詞，那么就要尋找相對(duì)應(yīng)的回答語。
做題時(shí)需要注意的兩個(gè)問題：
1．如果問題設(shè)在段首，通常是段落的主題句。尋找主題句時(shí)，著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞，最后看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。
2.如果問題設(shè)在段尾，通常是結(jié)論或概括性的語句，關(guān)鍵詞要在空白前的一句或兩句中尋找。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等詞語。
(一) (2015·全國Ⅰ)
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’
t trust have some steps you can take to get you there.
what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.
between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
?You didn’t lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the
positive growth and forgiveness.
A．Learn to really trust yourself.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
36．答案 B
解析 第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習(xí)得行為。)是對(duì)trust的解釋。選項(xiàng)B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義；putting confidence in someone(對(duì)某人寄托信任)，故選B項(xiàng)。注意：選項(xiàng)B與第一句為順承關(guān)系。
37．答案 E
解析 選項(xiàng)E與上文能形成因果關(guān)系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他們?cè)?jīng)受過嚴(yán)重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有時(shí)候人們就是不能再信任別人。)的原因。并且與下一句It’s understandable...(這是可以理解的??)有順承關(guān)系。
38．答案 A
解析 空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。并且選項(xiàng)A.Learn to really trust yourself.(學(xué)會(huì)真正信任你自己。)與空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。trust yourself相當(dāng)于have confidence in yourself。
39．答案 C
解析 空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，極有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成為客觀環(huán)境的受害者。但是成為受害者與以“受害者的心態(tài)”活著是有區(qū)別的。)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)victim一詞，而選項(xiàng)C中的關(guān)鍵詞也為victim，形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己當(dāng)作受害者。)起到總起本段的作用。
40．答案 G
解析 Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對(duì)發(fā)生的事情視而不見。)與下一句Instead，it’s a healthy
way...for positive...(相反，這是一個(gè)健康的方式??)形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。并且選項(xiàng)中的positive與下文的positive形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
(二)
(2015·全國Ⅱ)
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the
which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，
ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week
，set a goal of at least a mile and a half enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A．After six days
B．For a good marathon runner
C．Before you begin your trainingD．With each day，increase the distance by a half mileE．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them
F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
16．答案 C
解析 根據(jù)該空后面提供的語境buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find(購買你能找到的最合適的、最好的跑鞋)可知，這是為了跑馬拉松而進(jìn)行的準(zhǔn)備，這應(yīng)該是在進(jìn)行馬拉松訓(xùn)練之前做的事情，故選C項(xiàng)“Before you begin your training”。
17．答案 E
解析 由該空前的語境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.(當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎合適的鞋子時(shí)，穿著走動(dòng)幾天，再次檢查其舒適度。)可知，E選項(xiàng)中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，屬于指代一致。另外feel good與the fit相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E。
18．答案 A
解析 空前的During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的時(shí)候，不要考慮跑了多遠(yuǎn)，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分鐘。)提到
了the first week，即7天，空格后面說it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，這樣剩余的就是6天，與A項(xiàng)相關(guān)。
19．答案 D
解析 根據(jù)該空格前面提供的語境But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下來的一周，樹立每次至少跑1.5英里的目標(biāo)。)可知，與D項(xiàng)的“每天增加半英里”意義銜接緊密。
20．答案 G
解析 由該空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(兩周后，開始給自己計(jì)時(shí)。)可知，這里的timing與G項(xiàng)中的improving distance and time意義相關(guān)。
(三)
(2015·北京) This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they sh(來自:www.huhawan.com 蒲公 英文 摘:高考短文填空技巧)ould be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s
to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in
inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First，understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) for daydreaming are better
than your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to
Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowlyAlways remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C．Without wandering minds，we wouldn’t have relativity，Coke or Postit notes.
D．At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E．It involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.
G．Therefore，it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
71．答案 B
解析 本段說的是大眾印象中的“做白日夢(mèng)”有哪些弊端，所以只能從B、D兩項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，再結(jié)合此空前后They can...和They annoy...句式結(jié)構(gòu)可確定B項(xiàng)為正確答案。
72．答案 C
解析 本段講了“做白日夢(mèng)”的許多好處。結(jié)合空后句中的such ideas and inventions以及選項(xiàng)中的relativity，Coke or Postit notes可以確定C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
73．答案 A
解析 本段主要講如何做才能使自己獲得“做白日夢(mèng)”的機(jī)會(huì)。結(jié)合空前的will help和選項(xiàng)中的also helps可知，A項(xiàng)“想一些有趣的事情也有幫助(有助于進(jìn)入‘做白日夢(mèng)’的境界)”為正確答案。
74．答案 E
解析 本段主要講如何避免不合時(shí)宜地“做白日夢(mèng)”�？涨疤岬健凹凶⒁饬κ且恍┤擞脕肀苊馊胨囊环N工具”，E項(xiàng)中的calm and attentive(沉著和專心)與此相符，選項(xiàng)中的it指代mindfulness。
75．答案 G
解析 根據(jù)前一句中．..you never know what wonderful idea might strike...可知，此處是建議身邊放一個(gè)筆記本或一臺(tái)錄音機(jī)，以便隨時(shí)記下或錄下你的好想法，所以應(yīng)選擇G項(xiàng)。 (四)
(2014·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)
that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1．Curiosity
make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?
2．Creativity
高考短文填空技巧篇三：2016年高考英語完形填空的解題技巧
2015年高考英語完形填空的解題技巧
1. 依據(jù)上下文確定答案的法則：從近幾年的完形填空題看，近義詞或近義短語的測(cè)試力度逐漸加強(qiáng)，并成為測(cè)試熱點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是詞義相近，要不就是近義動(dòng)詞的同一種時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，或名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)搭配。若選項(xiàng)詞義差異很大，必然文章中藏有提示語，正因如此，往往第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)有時(shí)需要讀完全篇短文才能準(zhǔn)確回答。
2. 詞語語義與強(qiáng)于語法原則：完型填空題的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物和事由。再則，單純語法題已基本退出該題型的測(cè)試范疇，所以，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí)，首先要告知他們這類現(xiàn)象。盡管四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞語都符合語法規(guī)則，然而該題的解答必須遵循先全面理解篇章語義，再結(jié)合正確語言結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)每個(gè)空格作出準(zhǔn)確無誤的抉擇。
3. 解題四步法原則：
第一步：跳讀。帶著空格通讀全文，了解短文大意，判別短文文體，同時(shí)能將會(huì)做的題及時(shí)解決掉。
第二步：選答。這一步最為關(guān)鍵，要求考生對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真推敲，但是要告誡他們?nèi)f萬不可按照題的順序答題，對(duì)那些不能拿不準(zhǔn)的題先跳過去，遵循先易后難的解題原則。
第三步：推敲。這實(shí)際上就是要求考生對(duì)完形填空短文的篇章作通盤考慮，把其中一些需要依據(jù)上下文語境來考慮的比較難解答的題，以及句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)較強(qiáng)的認(rèn)真推敲，甄別，篩選和抉擇。
第四步：復(fù)查。這是解答這類題的最后一步，要求考生解完題之后務(wù)必再把文章通讀一遍，從整體上準(zhǔn)確把握文章的真正意思，及時(shí)修改與全文有出入的一些選項(xiàng)。
應(yīng)試技巧一：語境信息解題法： 近幾年的完形填空題淡化了語法結(jié)構(gòu)性的題，選項(xiàng)重在語意干擾，也就是說，對(duì)具體的語言知識(shí)應(yīng)該融入具體的語境中去考慮，考生應(yīng)具有通過上下文提示、暗示或鋪墊，對(duì)篇章進(jìn)行整體上的把握的能力。所以，快速瀏覽全文，迅速領(lǐng)悟篇章主旨，通過上下文語境選擇答案選項(xiàng)乃解決完形填空的關(guān)鍵。
4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough.
47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous
48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean
【題解：47. 答案為A項(xiàng)。短文前面提到第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是發(fā)電的問題，那么接下來的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何保持溫度的問題。48. 答案為B項(xiàng)。從下文提到的灑水車等事情，我們可以判斷出這兒應(yīng)該是“保持濕度”的語意�！�
5) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.
I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__....
40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened
41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service
…
43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing
【40. D項(xiàng)。從前面一句話和本句中one of people可知，作者當(dāng)天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41. D項(xiàng)。從上下文可知，由于風(fēng)暴大部分地鐵線路停運(yùn)，所以唯有service符合題意;43. A項(xiàng)。從上下文
1
的語境中我們可知道作者最后找到有一條地鐵線還在營業(yè)，operating本身含有“營業(yè)的”意思，相當(dāng)于be on service�！�
6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week
36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress
37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised
38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong
【36. D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判斷，作者是和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的女侍者一起工作了幾天;37. C項(xiàng)。從上下文可知，幾天后作者被允許單獨(dú)做餐飲招待服務(wù)了;38. A項(xiàng)。有下文可以判斷出，她的第一周工作非常順手，沒出意外�！�
應(yīng)試技巧二：語法結(jié)構(gòu)法: 高考完形填空題基本都是在語境中考查考生對(duì)語法知識(shí)的掌握程度，單純考查這類題很少。而在完形填空題中考察語法項(xiàng)目的主要是動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣、謂語和非謂語形式等。所以這類題需要考生有較為扎實(shí)的語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能夠從句式的結(jié)構(gòu)上辨別出須填相關(guān)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)然還要考慮到主謂一致的關(guān)系等語法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)。不過，切記解答這類題，必須是任何空格的語法正確的前提下，再考慮其他方面因素。
7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director.
A. while B. when C. where D. after
【49. B項(xiàng)，這兒when的意思是just at the moment， 與前面的when意思不一樣，A項(xiàng)的while無此意，D項(xiàng)的after不符合行為交互邏輯，C項(xiàng)完全是錯(cuò)誤的�！�
8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized.
53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since
54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say
【53. B項(xiàng)，由第二段的內(nèi)容以及本句的句意“盡管醫(yī)生認(rèn)為我已經(jīng)全聾了，但是這并不意味著我的熱情會(huì)消失。”，故此處應(yīng)為讓步狀語從句;54. A項(xiàng)，由句意可知�！�
應(yīng)試技巧三：復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法：這類題多為同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同義詞、近義詞和反義詞異形復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式。這種測(cè)試手法主要是考查考生的整體篇章意識(shí)和上下文推斷能力。
9)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the
friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.
21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【21. C項(xiàng)，同義原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn);22. B項(xiàng)，異形近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)】
10)On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.
36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash
【36. B項(xiàng)，異形近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)】
11)Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I ever did from a textbook.
2
A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous
【52. C項(xiàng)，異形同義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)】
應(yīng)試技巧四：固定搭配解題法：這類題與語法結(jié)構(gòu)題有點(diǎn)類似，但主要慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。
12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __28__ until the day he graduated.
28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
【28. D項(xiàng)。由句意可知，“盡管兒子不愿意再收到我的字條，但是我依然堅(jiān)持寫到他畢業(yè)為止�！边@道題實(shí)際上是一道固定搭配題，其結(jié)構(gòu)為not…until，但句中沒有否定副詞not，再則，若A、B兩項(xiàng)短語用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中須與not連用，故不合題意;C項(xiàng)的followed應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞，后面需加賓語方可，再則followed在此有歧義，也不合題意，由于continue是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以，無需否定副詞，在這一固定搭配中只有瞬間動(dòng)詞才與not連用�！�
13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(實(shí)習(xí)) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing
【30. D項(xiàng)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，又實(shí)習(xí)了兩個(gè)學(xué)期，最后在薩克拉門托做一名技術(shù)助理。這兒指完成實(shí)習(xí)，故惟有completing符合題意�！�
應(yīng)試技巧五：邏輯語氣解題法：這類題主要是通過分了解全文的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等信息之后，再分析句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，段落與段落之間的關(guān)系來解題。這種邏輯語氣主要包含并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折和委婉語氣等等。這類題的選項(xiàng)多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語。
14) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
40. A.Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【40. B項(xiàng)。從整篇文章來看，在這兒只是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，表示在前一個(gè)星期的順利，在這一天卻遇到了一些麻煩。Therefore是遞進(jìn)語氣，finally也屬遞進(jìn)語氣，但表示是最后一步的語氣，多指結(jié)論性的行為，不符合題意;otherwise雖屬轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，但多為推斷或假設(shè)否定語氣，而本文所敘述的是真實(shí)事例的呈現(xiàn)，所以，惟有however符合題意�！�
15) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(實(shí)習(xí)) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
【31. B項(xiàng)。有上文及全句的意思可知，在這兒是作者六年求學(xué)和工作的最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，表示畢業(yè)之后找到了一份工作，從預(yù)期上講，應(yīng)該是結(jié)論性的，所以，惟有finally符合題意�！�
在進(jìn)行有關(guān)邏輯語氣題時(shí)，必須要符合原文的意思，要瞻前顧后，審慎分析，細(xì)心推斷，密切注意相關(guān)連詞的連用，注意語氣的變化，應(yīng)從細(xì)節(jié)著手。
應(yīng)試技巧六：利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)解題法：高考完型填空題的命題形式均為獨(dú)立的語篇形式，并交織和滲透著各類相關(guān)的常識(shí)與文化背景知識(shí)。這類題主要是考查考生應(yīng)該把握的英美國家的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，但是一旦將這些知識(shí)放到具體的場合中進(jìn)行考查時(shí)，有些考生可能就不會(huì)靈活地加以運(yùn)用他們所學(xué)過的知識(shí)。因此在解題時(shí)，考生所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)和其他有關(guān)英美國家的文化背景知識(shí)在考試中都會(huì)發(fā)揮重要作用，唯有在無法準(zhǔn)確把握語言知識(shí)時(shí)，可充分利用所學(xué)的社會(huì)知識(shí)和科普知識(shí)進(jìn)行語境判斷。
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16) Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was __23__.
A. right B. ready C. fixed D. sold
【23. 答案為B項(xiàng)。依據(jù)生活常識(shí)，買車前一般要提前預(yù)訂，因此這里的意思是銷售部打來電話通知作者，他們的車已經(jīng)到了，讓他們前去提車�！�
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Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使發(fā)生聯(lián)系） red with a strong feeling like , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of in autumn. People say orange is a color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.
1. A. sadness B. angerC. administration D. smile
2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places
3. A. landB. leavesC. grass D. mountains
4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening
5. A. moonlight
6. A. summer
7. A. speak
8. A. green
9. A. calm
10. A. the other
11. A. black
12. A. go round
13. A. one
14. A. factory B. lightC. sunlight B. springC. autumn B. say C. talk about B. yellowC. whiteB. sleepyC. activeB. anotherC. other one B. greenC. goldenB. go byC. go offB. way C. fact B. classroom C. restaurant
C. Warm D. starsD. winterD. tellD. grayD. helpfulD. othersD. yellowD. go alongD. matterD. hospital D. All 15. A. Different B. Cool
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finished middle school, the man introduced him to his friend in the town. And he began to work.
Once Mr. King was seriously hurt in an accident. Dying, he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter,
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his best to make her happy. He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her. He was good at she found there was something wrong with her heart. Her husband wasn’t at home and she had to go to _ the doctor’s words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper. When saw her, he said happily, “I’ve bought all the food you like, dear!”
1. A. no B. someC. muchD. enough
2. A. lazyB. clever C. careful D. hard
3. A. did well in B. was poor at C. was working D. was good for
4. A. was angry B. thought hard C. agreed D. said “No.”
5. A. a little
6. A. rest
7. A. should B. a few B. sleep B. would C. manyC. hospital C. to
C. to catch
C. cooked
C. cooking D. a lot D. work D. not to D. to teach D. ate D. writing 8. A. to remember 9. A. slept10. A. reading B. to forget B. went out B. seeing
3 man.the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human 1. A. quiteB. soC. such D. another
2. A. come up with B. agreed with C. been fed up with D. got on well with
3. A. Most B. The most C. More D. Much
4. A. to
5. A. education
6. A. finished
7. A. develop
8. A. improveB. around B. weather B. don’t finish B. developed B. graduate
B. among
B. may better C. between C. temperature C. will not finish C. developing C. hear D. from D. science D. has finished D. experience D. provide 9. A. between 10. A. can good C. insideD. outside C. be able to better D. be able to best
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