英語新聞短文篇一：英語新聞評論閱讀

英語新聞評論閱讀 1

Passage 1The cost of traffic jams (The Economist 2104-11-3)

FEW things unite cultures more than the frustration of sitting in a line of stationary traffic, with no discernible reason for the blockage and no end in sight. From London to Los Angeles, Berlin to Bangalore, seething anger at standstills is a common

emotion felt by all drivers. The causes of traffic jams are well understood (accidents; poor infrastructure; peak hour traffic; and variable traffic speeds on congested roads). But what is the cost of all this waiting around?

The Centre for Economics and Business Research, a London-based consultancy, and INRIX, a traffic-data firm, have estimated the impact of such delays on the British, French, German and American economies. To do so they measured three costs: how sitting in traffic reduces productivity of the labor force; how inflated transport costs push up the prices of goods; and the carbon-equivalent cost of the fumes that exhausts splutter out. In 2013 the expenses from congestion totaled $200 billion (0.8% of GDP) across the four countries. As road building fails to keep up with the increasing numbers of cars on the road, that figure is expected to rise to nearly $300 billion by 2030. Two-thirds of the costs incurred are the result of wasted fuel and time that could be better spent elsewhere, and the remainder from increased business expenses.

But these numbers mask huge variation within countries. In America the average cost of congestion to a car-owning household is estimated to be $1,700 a year; in France it is $2,500. But traffic is so bad in Los Angeles that each resident loses around $6,000 a year twiddling their thumbs in traffic—at a total cost of $23 billion, the costs are estimated to exceed that of the whole of Britain. But these costs do not take account of the price of carbon-dioxide emissions. In total, over 15,000 kilotons of

needless CO? fumes were expelled last year—which would cost an additional $350m to offset at current market prices. In choked-up Los Angeles $50m alone would have to be set-aside.

Solving congestion is not easy. Building more roads or widening existing ones can encourage more cars on to the roads, says Dominic Jordan, INRIX’s chief data scientist. Indeed, investment, employment growth and buoyant GDP are all

contributors to increased traffic and associated costs: when people feel richer, they splurge on cars and petrol. Smart road networks that charge road users for travelling at busy periods or that nudge drivers, using electronic signs, to drive at a more uniform speed, could help. More electric cars will bring down carbon emissions, while driverless ones could one day consign traffic jams to history. But until then drivers will remain stuck in second gear, and the costs will continue to pile up.

Passage 2 The next Alibaba in China (China Daily) Updated: 2014-9-19

The success of Alibaba, China’s e-commerce giant, is part of the country’s economic miracle and, as the world’s second-largest economy restructures itself to regain growth momentum, there could be more companies in China that turn out to be equally successful as Alibaba in the coming decades.

The company’s white-hot IPO in the US, which is expected to be the biggest stock offering on record, has made the headlines worldwide. Having 80 percent of the vast Chinese e-commerce market, the company has been deemed as a typical success story of how an obscure grassroots company takes the advantage of the Internet wave to become a household name within a short time of 15 years. Now taobao.com, its retail arm, has nearly 500 million registered users, according to the company.

It is miraculous for a small group of people, led by founder Jack Ma, to start from the scratch in a small apartment of Hangzhou 15 years ago, compete head-on with

international giant eBay, and stand out to rule the China market. Entrepreneurship no doubt is behind Ma and his team, who have become the trailblazers and rule makers of the e-commerce sector in China.

The surging e-commerce transactions have profoundly transformed China’s economic landscape. It has helped increase consumption, create jobs, and, perhaps most importantly, unleash the business-doing aspirations of millions of Chinese people. Some college graduates, for example, have opted not to find a job but operate their own e-shops at taobao.com and become quite profitable.

While Alibaba and other e-commerce companies have contributed to China’s economic growth, they have benefited tremendously from an ever more open and liberalized Chinese economy. It is no exaggeration to say that without the back-up of the China market, Alibaba should not have become that popular in its pre-IPO road shows in the US. In other words, investors’ zeal is not only built on the profit-making prospects of the company, but the future of the Chinese economy where it is born and grows up.

As a transitional economy, China has had a long history of rigid economic regulation that forbids private economic elements in the pre-reform era. After it opened up in late 1970s, economic regulation has been gradually liberalized, leading to vigorous

growth of the private sector, which has become a crucial contributor to GDP, taxes and jobs. Still, only a very small number of private companies have gained international clout.

Such lack of Chinese private brands with global weight can be attributable to, among other things, the country’s economic growth pattern that is reliant on quantitative expansion featuring low-end manufacturing and investment. Such a quantity-based model has elevated the country to the second place globally in terms of nominal GDP, but has failed to help the country churn out many big brand names that can be comparable to Coca-Cola and Google.

In terms of IPO scale, Alibaba will become the largest ever in history. Meanwhile, the capitalization of some Chinese Internet companies, such as Baidu and Tencent, has exceeded that of many American giants. But their influence, pitifully, has mainly been limited to the domestic market.

China is now implementing the second-phase economic restructuring as it upgrades its manufacturing sector, promotes the services industries, encourages consumption and, in particular, promotes innovation, especially technical innovation, to sharpen its global competitive edge.

To that end, it is further liberalizing its economic regulation to facilitate business doing and encourage market competition. A typical example is its move to simplify procedures for starting and operating businesses by eliminating approval items or transferring them to the lower-level governments.

If China can stick to such business-friendly stance and the local governments can seriously carry out the central platform, the Chinese economy would become more competitive after some years of painful transition, which will sow the seeds for the exceptional growth of more Alibaba-like grassroots companies.

The next Alibaba will hopefully stand out from those start-ups.

Passage 3 Role of art and literature (China Daily) Updated: 2014-10-16 07:38

From the people, to the people and for the people is what top leader Xi Jinping told a group of luminaries from the world of art and literature at a Wednesday forum. Writers and artists have to go to the people for artistic and creative nutrition and intuition; they can ignore to do so only if they don't care whether their creations are liked or not.

Chairman Mao Zedong delivered a similar speech at the Yan'an Forum in Shaanxi province 72 years ago, emphasizing that the aim of literature and art should be to serve the workers, farmers and soldiers. Given the background of war, Mao's speech could not have had a lighter political tone.

At Wednesday's forum, Xi did talk about patriotism, core socialist values and the role of art and literature in representing the characteristics of the times and social values. But he also emphasized the integration of ideology and artistic values.

Democracy should be promoted in art and literature to create a healthy, relaxed and harmonious atmosphere for the creative minds, he said, stressing that exchange of ideas among different opinion groups and different schools of thoughts is necessary to invigorate the development of art and literature.

Indeed, art and literature cannot develop without political guidance nor can they be allowed just to cater to the vulgar tastes of some people. Good writers and artists across the world know that they do not just entertain their readers and audiences with their works, but also provide them with some mental fare that, in a subtle manner, will inspire or help them distinguish between right and wrong.

However, it would be sad to underestimate the aesthetic tastes of general readers and audiences by overemphasizing the role of ideological guidance in a piece of literary or art work. The majority of readers and viewers will never be attracted to works that contain nothing but moralizing platitudes.

Albeit, works of literature and art that appeal to vulgar tastes will probably gain larger readership and audience for some time, but after an ephemeral life they will end up where they rightly belong - the dustbin of history. That explains why Xi said that works of art should never be slave to the market and coveter of profits.

Good writers and artists must know what they are doing if they want to create works that transcend the times and help inscribe their names in the pantheon of greats. This is the type of writers and artists that China needs today.

Other Views:

Traditional Chinese culture is a dynamic, tolerant system that evolves constantly. For example, it seeks a society where everybody has good manners, yet respects the personality of every individual within the emerging concept of human rights. It praises humankind's efforts to make the natural world support its survival, yet promotes harmony between human and nature when the environment needs protection. It is self-renewal that gives a culture vitality.

Nanfang Daily, Oct 15

Reviving traditional culture does not mean wearing old-fashioned clothes or eating traditional foods; we need to absorb the useful parts from the culture to strengthen the moral principles of today's society. During this process, traditional culture will progress creatively, giving spiritual support to sustain the Chinese nation.

xinhuanet.com, Oct 15

Efforts to combine traditional Chinese culture with contemporary values have been going on since the start of modernization and globalization, yet much more work must be done. In the current phase of social transition, finding ways to use traditional culture to forge a common identity among different social groups remains a challenge. Beijing Post, Oct 15

Different aspects of traditional Chinese culture have met different ends. Elements that conflict with today's concepts of freedom and equality - such as the people's unconditional obedience to the ruling class, and the idea that women are inferior to men - have been abandoned. Principles that are in line with our modern values persist, among them social justice, equality and harmonious relations with other members of society.

zjjnews.cn, Oct 15

Traditional culture must be taught in school so that it becomes firmly rooted in people's hearts. However, problems occur, as many teachers emphasize reciting rather than understanding, or turn cultural teaching into moral persuasion, which tends to be unpopular with pupils. It is necessary to combine the reciting of texts with understanding in traditional culture education so that pupils can grasp what they are being taught and accept it.

China Education Daily, Oct 15

英語新聞短文篇二：中英雙語雙語文章

研究：狗也有嫉妒心

Dogs can be jealous, say scientists——

Dogs are prone to complex emotions such as jealousy and pride, according to scientific research that sheds new light on their relationship with humans.

Canines do not like seeing their owners offering affection to other creatures, especially other dogs, and react negatively when their owners bring home new partners, the research found.

Psychologists previously believed most animals lack the "sense of self" needed to experience so-called

secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment, empathy or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings associated with instant reaction – such as anger, lust or joy.

Dr Friederike Range, of the University of Vienna's neurobiology department, has shown that dogs feel intense jealously when they spot that they are unfairly treated compared with other dogs. "Dogs show a strong aversion to inequity," she said.

The dog study is the latest into several species, including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have shown that animals are far more self-aware than was thought.

Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times: "We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realised. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates could experience."

In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behaviour by their pets. The dog often tried to prise their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship.

Behavioural experts recommend owners keeping their dog's routine as much as possible when a new partner or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking or whining.

一項科學(xué)研究表明，狗也會產(chǎn)生嫉妒和驕傲等復(fù)雜的情感。該研究進(jìn)一步揭示了狗與人之間的關(guān)系。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗不愿意看到自己的主人對其它動物，尤其是其它的狗表現(xiàn)出關(guān)注。當(dāng)主人把新男友或女友帶回家時，它們也會表現(xiàn)出抵觸情緒。

此前，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為大多數(shù)動物缺乏體會嫉妒、困窘、移情和內(nèi)疚等高級情感的―自我意識‖。這些情感遠(yuǎn)比憤怒、欲望或高興等與即時反應(yīng)相關(guān)的情感復(fù)雜。

奧地利維也納大學(xué)的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)博士弗里德里克?朗格稱，當(dāng)狗意識到自己得到的關(guān)注不如其它狗，即受到了不公正待遇時，就會表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的嫉妒情緒。她說：―狗對不公正十分抵觸。‖

此前研究人員已對牛、馬、貓、羊等動物進(jìn)行了類似研究，結(jié)果表明，動物的自我意識遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出人的意料。

樸茨茅斯大學(xué)從事動物情感研究的心理學(xué)家保羅?莫里斯在接受《星期日泰晤士報》采訪時說：―我們發(fā)現(xiàn)狗、馬，可能還有其他很多動物的情感比我們預(yù)想的豐富得多，它們同樣會表現(xiàn)出多種簡單的感情形式，而之前我們以為只有靈長類動物才具有這樣的高級情感�！�

此外，莫里斯對養(yǎng)狗人開展的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎所有人都稱他們的寵物狗有過嫉妒行為。比如，在他們把新男友或女友帶回家的最初幾天，他們的狗總是想方設(shè)法讓他們遠(yuǎn)離對方。

行為學(xué)家建議，當(dāng)家里出現(xiàn)新成員時，盡量不要打亂寵物狗的生活規(guī)律，以避免它們因為嫉妒而狂吠或哀嚎。

Dogs are prone to complex emotions such as jealousy and pride, according to scientific research that sheds new light on their relationship with humans.

Vocabulary:

aversion:A fixed, intense dislike; repugnance（反感；厭惡） 總統(tǒng)模擬游戲即將出爐 玩家試當(dāng)奧巴馬

Gamers can pretend to be President Obama

A computer game set to hit US stores the day Barack Obama is sworn in as president challenges players to see whether they can do a better job running the country than he can.

Interactive Gaming Software (IGS) said on Monday it would make Commander in Chief available on January 20, the day of Obama's inauguration.

'Player presidents' will make budget, health, education, military, diplomatic and other decisions in simulated environments and have to virtually live with the ramifications of their choices.

Commander in Chief will give players information from 50 international organizations including the UN, NATO and OPEC.

"You can put your own political theories into action and see the domestic and international domino effect," lead designer Louis-Marie Rocques had said in April.

"Anyone will now be able to develop their own exit strategy for Iraq, reverse the course of the economic recession and attempt to prevent terrorist attacks from Al-Qaeda." Throughout the game there is a threat of terrorist strikes or invasion by foreign troops.

Players will start by selecting cabinet members and then go on to tackle the same social, environmental, economic, energy, cultural and military issues facing Obama's administration.

美國一家游戲公司將于明年奧巴馬就職日當(dāng)天推出一款模擬總統(tǒng)的電腦游戲，在這款游戲中，玩家可以一嘗當(dāng)總統(tǒng)的滋味，與奧巴馬一比高下。

美國IGS游戲公司于本周一宣布，他們將于明年1月20日奧巴馬就任總統(tǒng)當(dāng)天推出這款名為―總司令（Command in Chief）‖的游戲。

―模擬總統(tǒng)‖將在游戲模擬的環(huán)境中制定預(yù)算以及醫(yī)療、教育、軍事和外交各個方面的政策，并且他們所做的任何決定都會有后續(xù)影響。

游戲?qū)⑾蛲婕姨峁┌�括�?lián)合國、北約和歐佩克在內(nèi)的50個國際組織的信息。

游戲主設(shè)計師路易斯-瑪麗?若克斯于今年四月稱：―玩家可以將自己的政治理念付諸實施，看看會在國內(nèi)外引起什么樣的連鎖反應(yīng)�！�

他說：―每位玩家都可以設(shè)計從伊拉克撤軍、振興經(jīng)濟(jì)以及?反恐‘等有關(guān)各個問題的方針�！�玩家在游戲中還會面臨恐怖襲擊以及外國軍隊入侵的威脅。

游戲開始時玩家首先要選擇內(nèi)閣成員，接下來要處理與奧巴馬政府所面臨的一系列同樣的問題，包括社會、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源、文化和軍事等各個方面。

Vocabulary:

swear in:宣誓就職

live with:忍受

ramification: A development or consequence growing out of and sometimes complicating a problem, plan, or 男女快樂感有別 男愛錢女重情

Women find happiness is not about the economy, stupid

Men are happier with money, while women find greater joy in friendships and relationships with their children, co-workers and bosses, a new global survey reveals.

The online survey of 28,153 people in more than 51 countries by global marketing and information firm

Nielsen found that as the world grapples with a recession and financial markets remain volatile, many people are reminding themselves that money can't buy happiness.

The Nielsen Happiness Study found that globally, women are happier than men in 48 of the 51 countries surveyed in April 2008, and only in Brazil, South Africa and Vietnam were men found to be happier than women.

"Because they are happier with non-economic factors, women's happiness is more recession-proof which might explain why women around the world are happier in general than men are," Nielsen Vice President of Consumer Research Bruce Paul said in a statement.

Japanese women reported the greatest difference and are 15 percent happier than Japanese men. Women are also more optimistic about the future, scoring higher than men on predictions of their happiness in the next six months.

Women were also more content with their sex lives, the study found. Japanese and New Zealand women reported the greatest difference in satisfaction with their sex lives.

Men are generally happier with their physical health than women, and this is especially pronounced in South Africa. Egypt bucks the trend, with women rating their happiness with their health considerably higher than men.

Globally, men rated their happiness with their mental health higher than women. This was echoed in Belgium, South Korea, Mexico, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Egypt, and Israel.

There are three main drivers of happiness globally, according to the study: personal financial situation, mental health and job/career. Being satisfied with your partner is also important for happiness.

Vocabulary:

grapple with:抓住；扭打（例句：He has been grappling with the problem for a long time. 長期以來他一直努力解決這個問題.）

volatile: Tending to vary often or widely, as in price（易波動的，不穩(wěn)定的：易于經(jīng)常或大幅度變化的，如價格）

一項最新的全球調(diào)查顯示，男人因金錢而快樂，而女人的快樂感更多地源于友情以及與孩子、同事和老板的關(guān)系。

這項由尼爾森全球營銷信息公司開展的在線調(diào)查共有來自超過51個國家的28153人參加。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，面臨目前的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和金融市場的動蕩，很多人開始提醒自己金錢并不能買到快樂。

這項于今年四月開展的―尼爾森快樂感大調(diào)查‖表明，在參與調(diào)查的51個國家中，有48個國家的女性比該國的男性快樂，只有巴西、南非和越南例外。

尼爾森公司消費者調(diào)查部副經(jīng)理布魯斯?保羅在聲明中稱：―由于女性的快樂感更多地取決于非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，所以她們的快樂感不易受到經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的影響。這或許可以解釋為什么從全球范圍來看女性的快樂感總體高于男性。‖

日本女性的快樂感比男性高15%，在被調(diào)查國家中差距最大。同時女性對未來更加樂觀，對未來六個月快樂感的預(yù)期也超過男性。

此外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性對性生活的滿意度更高。日本和新西蘭的男性和女性對性生活的滿意度差距最大。

健康給男性帶來的快樂感總體高于女性，這在南非尤其突出。而在埃及正好相反，女性從健康中獲得的快樂感大大高于男性。

從全球范圍來看，男性從心理健康中獲得的快樂更多。比利時、韓國、墨西哥、挪威、西班牙、埃及和以色列的調(diào)查結(jié)果都反映了這一趨勢。

調(diào)查表明，從全球范圍來看，個人經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、心理健康和工作/事業(yè)是三大主要的快樂之源。而與伴侶的關(guān)系是否和睦對于快樂感也至關(guān)重要。

威尼斯發(fā)大水 酒店打雨靴促銷牌

Venice hotel owners offer free boots for floods

Venice hoteliers are urging tourists to enjoy the tourist mecca despite chronic flooding, offering free rubber boots for guests to slosh around the Renaissance city.

"Venetian hoteliers and Mayor Massimo Cacciari reassure tourists who want to come in Venice: Don't worry, there is no danger: high water is a phenomenon that quickly disappears," says an industry website,

www.veneziasi.it.

A special 190 euros (250 dollar) a night package includes "free use of rubber boots to walk during the high water," along with a map showing where special platforms are erected along the canal city's streets during the flooding.

Venice has been under water for nearly two weeks, reaching a 22-year high on December 1 at 1.56 meters (5 feet, 2 inches). Thursday and Friday are expected to see highs of up to 1.30 meters.

The lagoon city was flooded 50 times between 1993 and 2002, but by far the worst incident was on November 4, 1966, when it was submerged by 1.94 metres of water amid catastrophic flooding throughout Italy.

Every new flood revives debate over an elaborate project to place hinged panels at the inlets leading into the lagoon.

Cacciari is among critics of the so-called Moses Project, which was launched in 2003 and is not expected to reach completion until 2012.

Under the scheme, 78 steel panels will lie on the seabed until activated when high tide is more than 1.1 metres above normal.

Compressed air will then force the panels to rise up on their hinges, forming a slanting barrier to the incoming tide from the Adriatic Sea.

Another approa

ch under consideration is to raise the city's buildings.

Under Operation "Rialto", piston-supported poles would be placed beneath each structure and gradually lift buildings by up to a metre.

Vocabulary:

hotelier:旅館經(jīng)營者

slosh:在水[泥]中掙扎[亂走]

submerge:Growing or remaining under water（在水中；被淹沒）

（意大利）文藝復(fù)興之城、―水城‖威尼斯近日遭遇洪水侵襲，一些酒店利用水漲之機(jī)，打起了促銷牌，即住店游客可免費使用酒店提供的雨靴，體驗水中漫步威尼斯的樂趣。

據(jù)意大利酒店業(yè)協(xié)會網(wǎng)站（www.venezias.it）稱：―威尼斯的酒店和市長瑪西莫?卡西亞利給想來威尼斯旅游的游客們吃了顆定心丸：別擔(dān)心，不會有危險：水很快就會退�！�

酒店打出的促銷廣告是：190歐元（250美元）住店一晚，即可―免費使用酒店提供的雨靴‖和地圖，這張地圖可讓游客們知道沿街哪些地方有可供―上岸‖的平臺。

威尼斯的大水已經(jīng)持續(xù)近兩周，本月1日的水位達(dá)到22年來最高水平，為1.56米（5 英尺2 英寸），本周四和周五預(yù)計將達(dá)1.3米。

從1993年至2002年，―水城‖威尼斯共發(fā)過50次洪水。但是迄今為止最嚴(yán)重的一次洪水發(fā)生于1966年11月4日，當(dāng)時意大利全國遭遇特大洪水侵襲，威尼斯的水位則漲到了1.94米。

為了治理水患，威尼斯正在興建一個防洪工程，擬在威尼斯通往海洋的入海口處建多個活動閘門，而每次發(fā)洪水都會引發(fā)有關(guān)該工程的爭議。

現(xiàn)任市長卡西亞利就是這項工程的反對者之一。這項名為―摩西工程‖的防洪設(shè)施于2003年啟動，預(yù)計將于2012年建成。

該工程計劃在海床上建78個鋼板，當(dāng)水位超出警戒線1.1米以上時，擋板就會被啟動。

這些擋板在壓縮空氣力量的作用下會豎立起來，從而形成一個傾斜的屏障擋住來自亞得利亞海的洪水。 還有一個方案是加高威尼斯全城建筑的高度。

按照這項―Rialto‖（里亞托橋，威尼斯最著名的橋）計劃，將在建筑物底部置入活塞柱，使建筑物整體增高1米。

美商界女性職業(yè)前景看好

No advance for women in top U.S. jobs

Women in 2008 made no significant gains in winning more top US business jobs, according to a study

released on Wednesday, but the head of the study said women are poised to make strides in the year ahead. The number of women who were board directors, corporate officers or top earners at Fortune 500 companies remained essentially unchanged, said the study by Catalyst, a nonprofit group that promotes opportunities for women in business.

英語新聞短文篇三：財經(jīng)英語新聞文章

2012年03月22日 07:33 AM

捷豹路虎與奇瑞結(jié)盟

Jaguar Land Rover?forges China deal

英國《金融時報》 約翰?里德 倫敦報道

Jaguar Land Rover is to form a joint venture with China’s Chery Automobile in the UK premium carmaking group’s first foray into manufacturing in the world’s largest car market, writes John Reed in London.

Indian-owned JLR and Chery said on Wednesday that they had reached

agreement on a proposed joint venture that would build vehicles under the British group’s two brands, as well as those of the joint company itself. The two companies did not disclose financial terms of the deal, which still must be approved by Chinese regulators.

China requires foreign carmakers

wishing to build vehicles locally to form joint ventures and recently began requiring them to establish local brands.

JLR and Chery said that they would also establish a research and development facility in China, build engines, and sell vehicles produced by the joint venture together. JLR, which makes most of its vehicles at three plants in the UK, is a latecomer to manufacturing in China, where its larger premium competitors, Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, have built cars with local partners for years and are recording record sales.

The two UK brands sold 42,000 cars in China in 2011, a 60 per cent rise on 2010 and equivalent to 17 per cent of the group’s global sales, up from just 1 per cent in 2005. China is JLR’s third-largest market, after the UK and the US.

In a country where large vehicles are popular, Land Rover’s 4x4s are selling particularly well. JLR earlier this month

捷豹路虎(Jaguar Land Rover)將與中國奇瑞汽車(Chery Automobile)成立合資公司，這是這家英國高端汽車制造集團(tuán)首次嘗試在全球最大的汽車市場從事生產(chǎn)。

由印度人控股的捷豹路虎與奇瑞周三聯(lián)合宣布，已就擬議中的合資公司達(dá)成協(xié)議，合資公司將生產(chǎn)捷豹路虎兩個品牌以及合資公司自有品牌的汽車。兩家公司沒有公布這項交易的財務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)，該交易還有待中國監(jiān)管當(dāng)局的審批。

中國規(guī)定，希望在本地生產(chǎn)汽車的外國汽車制造商必須成立合資公司，最近又開始要求它們成立本地品牌。

捷豹路虎和奇瑞表示，它們還將在中國成立研發(fā)部門，生產(chǎn)引擎，同時銷售合資公司生產(chǎn)的汽車。

捷豹路虎的大部分汽車都在位于英國的3家工廠生產(chǎn)，在赴中國從事生產(chǎn)方面屬于后來者。其規(guī)模更大的高端汽車競爭對手奧迪(Audi)、寶馬(BMW)和梅賽德斯-奔馳

(Mercedes-Benz)已經(jīng)與中國本土合作伙伴一起生產(chǎn)汽車多年，并創(chuàng)下了銷售紀(jì)錄。

捷豹路虎的兩個英國品牌2011年共在中國銷售了4.2萬輛汽車，比2010年增長60%，相當(dāng)于該集團(tuán)全球銷量的17%，而2005年這一比例僅為1%。中國是位列英國和美國之后的捷豹路虎第三大市場。

在流行大型車的中國，捷豹路虎的四驅(qū)車尤其暢銷。本月早些時候，捷豹路虎宣布其位于利物浦附近哈利伍德(Halewood)的工廠招募1000

began recruiting 1,000 workers for its plant in Halewood, near Liverpool, which makes the marque’s Evoque and Freelander 2 small sport utility vehicles.

JLR already produces the Freelander in its owner Tata Motors’ home country of India, and is looking to expand operations there. Speaking in Geneva earlier this

month, Ralf Speth, JLR’s managing director, said the carmaker was in discussions with several parties in Brazil about launching manufacturing there.

2012年03月23日 07:17 AM

名工人，該工廠生產(chǎn)其旗下路虎攬勝極光(Range Rover Evoque)和路虎神行者2代(Land Rover Freelander 2)兩款小型SUV。

捷豹路虎已經(jīng)在其母公司塔塔汽車(Tata Motors)的母國印度生產(chǎn)路虎神行者車型，并打算擴(kuò)大在印度的業(yè)務(wù)。捷豹路虎首席執(zhí)行官施韋德(Ralf Speth)本月早些時候在日內(nèi)瓦表示，該集團(tuán)正在與多方討論在巴西生產(chǎn)事宜。

中澳簽署310億美元貨幣互換協(xié)議

China in $31bn currency deal with Australia

英國《金融時報》 歐陽德 香港, 尼爾?休姆 悉尼報道

China has signed a $31bn currency swap agreement with 中國與澳大利亞簽署了一項價值310億Australia, a step towards boosting the renminbi’s profile 美元的貨幣互換協(xié)議，朝著在發(fā)達(dá)市場in developed markets. 提升人民幣形象的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)了一步。 Beijing has established nearly 20 bilateral swap lines in 過去四年，中國政府已達(dá)成了近20項雙the past four years, but Australia is the biggest economy 邊互換協(xié)議，但澳大利亞是與之簽署此yet to sign such a deal, which analysts said could give 類協(xié)議的最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。分析師表示，中a shot in the arm to Beijing’s goal of internationalising 澳貨幣互換協(xié)議可能有助于中國實現(xiàn)人its currency. 民幣國際化的目標(biāo)。 While central banks normally use swaps to provide 盡管各國央行通常在遭遇金融危機(jī)時使liquidity to each other in the event of a financial crisis, 用貨幣互換手段為彼此提供流動性，但China has been using them to lay the groundwork for the 中國卻一直利用這一手段為人民幣慢慢renminbi’s slow march into global markets. 進(jìn)入國際市場奠定基礎(chǔ)。 In announcing the Rmb200bn/A$30bn deal, the Reserve Bank 在公布這項2000億元人民幣/300億澳of Australia said: “The main purposes of the swap 元的協(xié)議時，澳大利亞央行(Reserve agreement are to support trade and investment between Bank of Australia)表示：“這項互換Australia and China, particularly in local-currency 協(xié)議的主要目的是支持澳中兩國間的貿(mào)terms, and to strengthen bilateral financial 易和投資活動，特別是以本地貨幣計價co-operation.” 的交易，并加強(qiáng)雙邊金融合作。” It added that there were “increasing opportunities

澳大利亞央行補(bǔ)充道，“兩國之間有越

available to settle trade between the two countries in

來越多的機(jī)會以人民幣進(jìn)行貿(mào)易結(jié)算，

Chinese renminbi and to make renminbi-denominated

以及進(jìn)行以人民幣計價的投資”。

investments”.

China now has more than Rmb1.5tn in swap lines with other 目前，中國和其他國家的央行達(dá)成了逾central banks, but they have largely been symbolic. Only 1.5萬億元人民幣的貨幣互換協(xié)議，但Hong Kong, the hub of offshore renminbi trading, has had 大多數(shù)都是象征性的。只有作為離岸人to activate its swap with China, doing so briefly in 2010 民幣交易中心的香港，在面臨人民幣緊

when it faced a renminbi squeeze.

缺時，不得不在2010年短暫啟動了與內(nèi)地之間的貨幣互換。

不過，瑞穗證券(Mizuho Securities)

Nevertheless, the symbolic steps are beginning to add up 駐香港經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家沈建光表示，這些象征to something bigger, said Shen Jianguang of Mizuho 性的舉動正逐漸形成更大的影響力。Securities in Hong Kong. “It’s quite significant. They “中澳貨幣互換協(xié)議的意義非常重大。haven’t had agreements with such advanced economies. This 中國此前還不曾與這等規(guī)模的發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)will gain momentum,” he said. 體簽署貨幣互換協(xié)議。這一趨勢將得到

更大的發(fā)展�！� There has been talk that the Bank of England and the Bank 市場一度傳聞，英國央行(BoE)和日本央of Japan could soon be in line for currency swaps with 行(BoJ)可能很快就會和中國簽署貨幣China. 互換協(xié)議。 Building up a global pool of renminbi is proving a 建立起全球人民幣資金池對中國而言是challenge for China. The currency is permitted only to flow 一個挑戰(zhàn)。目前，人民幣只能通過受到out of the country through tightly controlled channels, 嚴(yán)格控制的渠道——主要是貿(mào)易渠道m(xù)ainly trade. ——流出境外。 The settlement of trade deals in renminbi grew swiftly from 過去兩年，以人民幣進(jìn)行貿(mào)易結(jié)算的情a low base over the past two years, but it has appeared 況在較低的基數(shù)上迅速增多，但近幾個to run out of steam in recent months and offshore renminbi 月失去了增長勢頭，離岸人民幣存款也deposits have declined. 出現(xiàn)下降。 Some economists say that until China takes bolder steps 一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示，中國只有采取更大to open its capital account, the project of renminbi 膽的步驟開放資本賬戶，人民幣國際化internationalisation will not fulfil its promise. 的目標(biāo)最終才能得以實現(xiàn)。

遠(yuǎn)期油價走低引發(fā)市場猜測

Oil price discount prompts debate

英國《金融時報》 哈維爾?布拉斯 倫敦報道

Oil contracts for delivery in three to five years’ 3至5年后交割的石油合約相對于現(xiàn)貨的價格time are trading at their biggest ever discount to spot 折扣達(dá)到有史以來最大程度，由此引發(fā)一場辯論：prices, prompting a debate about whether the era of 三位數(shù)油價的時代是否只是短期現(xiàn)象。

triple-digit oil prices will be a short-term

phenomenon. Spot oil prices have rallied nearly $20 since the 今年以來，石油現(xiàn)貨價格已經(jīng)上漲了近20美start of the year and traded above $125 a barrel 元，昨日每桶交易價超過125美元，原因是供應(yīng)中yesterday, on the back of supply disruptions and 斷以及伊朗核問題引發(fā)的地緣政治擔(dān)憂。同期，geopolitical fears over Iran. Over the same period, oil 2018年12月交割的石油價格上升了1美元，至95for delivery in December 2018 has risen by $1 to about 美元上下，這意味著石油現(xiàn)貨與五年期合約出現(xiàn)逾$95, opening a record gap of more than $30 between spot 30美元的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄價差。

and five-year contracts.

“The market has the perception that oil supply 大宗商品經(jīng)紀(jì)商Marex Spectron能源期貨主will increase in the future and that is holding back the 管馬克?托馬斯(Mark Thomas)表示：“市場認(rèn)為，price of forward contracts,” said Mark Thomas, head of 未來石油供應(yīng)會增加，這種看法拉低了遠(yuǎn)期合約的energy futures at commodities brokerage Marex Spectron, 價格。”他指出，預(yù)期伊拉克、巴西、美國和加拿citing expectations of higher output in Iraq, Brazil, 大的產(chǎn)量都將提高。

the US and Canada. US oil production has surged to a 10-year peak after 美國石油產(chǎn)量已飆升至10年來最高水平，原companies tapped so-called shale reservoirs, using a 因是企業(yè)利用水力壓裂(fracking)技術(shù)開采所謂technique called hydraulic fracturing or “fracking”. 的頁巖儲層。能源銀行家和分析師認(rèn)為，投入頁巖Energy bankers and analysts believe that forward 油革命的美國企業(yè)的遠(yuǎn)期銷售，壓低了石油期貨價selling by US companies tapping into the shale 格。 revolution has contributed to low future prices. But many in the industry remain sceptical about a 但是業(yè)內(nèi)很多人士依然懷疑未來石油供應(yīng)會future supply surge. “In our view, oil prices will be 否大幅上升。巴克萊(Barclays)大宗商品研究部門significantly higher in the coming years than those 主管保羅?霍斯內(nèi)爾(Paul Horsnell)表示：“我們implied by the forward curve,” said Paul Horsnell, head 認(rèn)為，未來石油價格將顯著高于遠(yuǎn)期曲線的預(yù)期�！�

of commodities research at Barclays. The International Energy Agency, the western 西方國家石油監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)國際能源署(IEA)去年

countries’ oil watchdog, also warned last year that 也警告稱，美國石油產(chǎn)量增加“不太可能對全球石increased oil production in the US is “unlikely to 油供應(yīng)格局產(chǎn)生重大影響。”

affect the dynamics of global oil supply

significantly”. While the oil price rally partly reflects a tight 盡管此輪油價上漲在一定程度上反映了實物physical market, the difference between spot and 市場供應(yīng)緊張，但目前現(xiàn)貨和遠(yuǎn)期的價差大于以往forward prices is bigger than in previous tight markets, 市場供應(yīng)緊張（如2008年和2004年）時的水平。

such as 2008 and 2004.

分析：盈利前景惡化 中國股市承壓

China: investors turn jittery over profit concerns

英國《金融時報》 斯蒂芬?瓦格斯蒂爾 報道

It does not take much to knock confidence in the 如今不需要很多就能擊垮中國股市的信心。昨Chinese stock market these days. Yesterday it was a 日，法國興業(yè)銀行(Société Générale)發(fā)表的一篇bearish report from Société Générale cutting its 2012 將2012年大中華地區(qū)企業(yè)利潤增長預(yù)期下調(diào)至零profits growth forecast for greater China to zero, 的看空報告，就讓中國股市大跌。

writes Stefan Wagstyl.

The Shanghai Composite index fell 2.6 per cent, its 上證綜指下滑2.6%，這是自去年11月以來的largest daily fall since November, as investors added 最大單日跌幅。投資者在擔(dān)憂中國經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩之余，profit concerns to other worries about the coming 又開始擔(dān)憂企業(yè)利潤下滑。湊巧的是，中國最大的slowdown in the Chinese economy. Right on cue, Jiangxi 銅生產(chǎn)商江西銅業(yè)(Jiangxi Copper)報告凈利潤下

Copper, the country’s biggest producer, posted an 18 per cent drop in net profits, which took 5.5 per cent

off its shares. SocGen said that Chinese industrial profits (according to official government data) proved “surprisingly weak” for January and February, with a 5.2 per cent decline, compared with the same months in 2011. Profits at state-owned enterprises dropped 10.9

per cent. This followed a 25.4 per cent rise in industrial profits last year, though the growth rate was already

tailing off in the last months of 2011.

降18%，導(dǎo)致其股價重挫5.5%。

法國興業(yè)銀行表示，政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)顯示，今年頭兩個月中國工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤“意外疲弱”，同比下降

5.2%，其中國有企業(yè)利潤下降10.9%。

去年中國工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤同比增長25.4%，盡管在2011年最后幾個月增速已經(jīng)趨緩。

SocGen did not see a repeat of 2009, when the global 法國興業(yè)銀行并未預(yù)計2009年的情形會再次crisis brought a 20 per cent plunge in Chinese 上演——當(dāng)時全球危機(jī)導(dǎo)致中國工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤驟industrial profits. But the bank did forecast a 5 per 降20%。但該行的確預(yù)計2012年中國工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤cent decline for 2012 in overall industrial profits. 總額將下降5%。 SocGen said that this could translate into a flat profit performance in the companies making up the Hang Seng China Enterprises index, which tracks Hong Kong-listed mainland companies in which international investors can easily invest. That does not sound too bad until you remember that the consensus is for 11 per cent

profit growth.

法國興業(yè)銀行表示，這可能意味著恒生中國企業(yè)指數(shù)(Hang Seng China Enterprises Index)成分股企業(yè)的利潤將持平。這聽起來還不錯，但別忘了，市場共識預(yù)測是盈利將增長11%。恒生中國企業(yè)指數(shù)跟蹤在港上市的中國內(nèi)地企業(yè)，國際投資者

可以方便地投資于這些企業(yè)的股票。

SocGen therefore brought forward its forecast for 因此法國興業(yè)銀行預(yù)計今年恒生中國企業(yè)指a drop this year in the HSCEI – saying it could fall 數(shù)將會下跌，該行表示，到4月底，該指數(shù)可能會

from 10,700 now to 10,200 by the end of April. 從目前的10700點跌至10200點。 Like other emerging markets, China has seen a sharp 繼全球股市年初上漲之后，與其他新興市場一sell-off in March following the new year global equities 樣，中國股市3月大幅走低。與3月2日達(dá)到的2012rally. The Shanghai Composite has dropped 7.1 per cent 年高點相比，上證綜指已下跌7.1%。市場擔(dān)心，隨

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