高一英語(yǔ)必修一的短文篇一：高一英語(yǔ)必修1Unit 1閱讀理解

高一英語(yǔ)必修1測(cè)試題Unit 1

Ⅲ．閱讀理解（10題，20分）

A

Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effort than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention in class. Contrary to what many people believe people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce other meals.

31．The title of the passage should be ________.

A．the importance of breakfast

B．the result of a test

C．breakfast will make you clever

D．breakfast is more important than other meals

32．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Poor breakfast affects those who work with brains.

B．Morning diet may cause one to get fatter.

C．Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight-losing.

D．Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.

33．During the test, those who were tested were given ________.

A．no breakfast at all

breakfast

C．little food for breakfast D．different foods or none. B．very rich

34．The passage mentions that many people believe that if you don't eat

breakfast, you will ________.

A．lose weight

C．be healthier B．not lose weight D．gain a lot of weight

35．The results of the test show that ________.

A．breakfast has a great effect on a person's work and studies

B．breakfast has little to do with a person's work

C．a(chǎn) person will work better if he has simple breakfast

D．those working with brains should have much for breakfast

B

Every one needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do so many things together with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don't always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.

No two people are the same. Sometimes friends don't get along well. That doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away. Then they feel very sad. We miss them very much. But we can call them and write to them. Maybe we would never see them again. And we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many places are named after men and women, if they are friendly to people in town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We think of these people when we go to these places.

There's more good news for people, if they have friends. These people live longer than those who don't have friends. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares about you. If someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself.

36．The first paragraph tells us ________.

A．none need friends

B．we always need friends around up

C．making friends is the need in people's life

D．we need to be alone

37．Which of the following is what the writer doesn't say in the passage?

A．People are happy when their friends leave them.

B．Maybe people will never see their friends after their friends move away.

C．People can know their friends in different ways.

D．People like their friends very much if they get to know them.

38．Which of the following is the most probable place people name after friendly people?

A．A house B．A room. C．A village D．A library

39．If people have friends, they would live longer, because ________.

A．they feel happier and healthier

B．they get a lot of help from their friends

C．they take better care of themselves

D．both A and C

40．This passage tells us ________.

A．that people are all friends

C．how to get to know friends

Ⅲ．閱讀理解

31．A 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．A 36．C 37．A

38．D

39．D 40．B

Ⅵ. 閱讀理解 B．that people need friends D．how to name a place

A

Miss Maynell and I grew to know each other through the mail. When World War II ended, I returned from Europe. We planned our first meeting at the Grand Central Station in New York.

At seven, I was in the station and waited for the girl whose heart I loved but whose face I’d never seen.

Suddenly a girl in a green suit was coming toward me. I stood up from the bench and started toward her, completely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose.

“Going my way, sailor?” the girl murmured, walking away quickly. I made one step closer to her and then I saw Miss Maynell, who was well past 40, standing almost directly behind her with a red rose. I felt something even better than love. I didn’t hesitate and walked to her. “I’m John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell,” I said, feeling shocked by the bitterness of disappointment. “I’m glad you could meet me. May I take you to dinner?”

The woman smiled. “I don’t know what this is about, son,” she answered. “But the young lady in the green suit begged me to wear this rose. And she said if you were to invited me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in a big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!”

1.What did John Blanchard go to the station for?

高一英語(yǔ)必修一的短文篇二：必修一20篇英語(yǔ)作文

必修一20篇英語(yǔ)作文

作文1

假設(shè)你是吳東 , 你在網(wǎng)上認(rèn)識(shí)了一個(gè)美國(guó)朋友 Jack, 他來(lái)信向你訴說(shuō)交朋友的煩惱 , 他要求你就 friendship 這個(gè)話題發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)和看法并給他一些建議。于是你根據(jù)你所了解的情況 , 給他回了一封 e-mail 。

[ 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 ]

1. 友誼是每個(gè)人生活中最重要的事情之一 , 沒(méi)有朋友 , 人會(huì)孤獨(dú)的 ;

2. 多與朋友交流 , 讓朋友知道你想與他交朋友以及你對(duì)朋友和友誼的理解 ;

3. 真正的朋友應(yīng)該同甘共苦 ;

4. 邀請(qǐng)朋友參加一些活動(dòng)如游泳、球賽等 , 贏得真正的友誼。

Dear Jack,I'm glad to have received your e-mail but I am sorry you are having some trouble in making friends.In my opinion, friendship is one of the most important things in everyone's life because without friends we will suffer loneliness. If you would like to take my advice, you'll win real friendship. First, why not communicate with your friend when possible and tell him/her what you think about friends and friendship and let him/her know that you want to make friends with him/her. Secondly, you should learn to share your happiness and sorrow with your friends. Thirdly, it would be a good idea if you like to invite him/her to join in some activities such as swimming and ball games, which can make you learn to appreciate your friends and cherish your friendship.

I hope you will find these opinions and ideas useful.Best wishes! Yours,

Wu Dong

作文2

假設(shè)你是李華 , 你所在學(xué)校擬在下周開(kāi)一個(gè) " 如何高效地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) " 的講座。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給史密斯教授寫(xiě)一封信 , 邀請(qǐng)他給學(xué)生做這次講座。信的內(nèi)容包括 :

講座目的 : 讓學(xué)生了解英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略 ;

講座內(nèi)容 : 如何高效學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) , 如何提高學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣 , 如何自主學(xué)習(xí) ;

講座時(shí)間 : 1 小時(shí) 30 分鐘左右。

參考詞匯 : 策略 strategy

Dear Professor Smith,Our school is planning to have a lecture on how to learn English effectively for middle school students next week and I'm writing to ask you to come and give a talk on English learning strategies. It will help us understand how to learn English in effective ways and also increase our interest in learning it, thus making us learn it actively. Do you think one and a half hours will be enough for such a lecture? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangements.Looking forward to seeing you and enjoying the lecture.

Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua

作文3

假設(shè)你叫Jessie，你的加拿大筆友James 想了解一下你將要參加的2007年全國(guó)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)的有關(guān)信息，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的海報(bào)給他寫(xiě)一封回信，談?wù)動(dòng)嘘P(guān)情況和活動(dòng)意義，并邀請(qǐng)他參加你們的活動(dòng)�；匦诺娜掌冢�2007-12-10

Welcome to Our Winter Camp 2007

營(yíng)址：大連

活動(dòng)時(shí)間：2007年12月底，共4天

參加人員：來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者;中國(guó)，美國(guó)，英國(guó)和澳大利亞的英語(yǔ)老師

活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：舉行英語(yǔ)演講比賽;觀看學(xué)生表演；游覽大連風(fēng)景名勝；交流學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn) December 10, 2007 Dear James,Nice to hear from you again! As you know, this winter vacation, at the end of December, 2007, we English-lovers from all over the country will go to a four-day English Winter Camp in Dalian. Some English teachers from China, the USA, England and Australia will join us. In the camp, we will have an English speaking competition, watch some wonderful performances given by the students and visit some places of interest in Dalian. Besides, we will exchange our English learning experience and talk about our colorful school life in English. I think this winter camp will greatly improve my spoken English and I will make some new friends there. I do hope you will come and join us.Best wishes. Yours sincerely, Jessie

作文4

假定你是一名高中生，一次一位外國(guó)朋友問(wèn)你，除了在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)之外還有什么其它途徑練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示用英語(yǔ)(詞數(shù): 100左右)寫(xiě)出你參加“英語(yǔ)角” 的情況。

提示：1、“英語(yǔ)角” 于兩年前成立，許多中學(xué)生參加，有時(shí)也有些大學(xué)生和外國(guó)友人來(lái)此。

2、活動(dòng)時(shí)間：每周六上午。

3、活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，談?wù)摯蠹夜餐�感興趣的事情，交流學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)等。

4、談你參加此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的體會(huì)。

參考詞匯：“英語(yǔ)角”：English corner

I’m a senior student. I like English very much. Besides attending English lessons at school, I often go to the English corner in the park near my home on Saturday morning. It was set up (formed) two years ago. Many high school students gather there. Sometimes, some college students and even foreign friends are present at the English corner. There, we practice our spoken English, talk about what we are interested in, exchange our experience in learning English and so on. I’ve learned a lot. I have greatly improved myself in English since I visited it. It is really a great help to me.

作文5

以Nature為題寫(xiě)一篇100詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。要點(diǎn)如下：

1. 簡(jiǎn)述人類(lèi)對(duì)大自然的依賴(lài)。

2. 隨著人類(lèi)的發(fā)展，生態(tài)平衡遭到破壞，人類(lèi)生存的環(huán)境受到嚴(yán)重污染。人類(lèi)正在受到大自然的懲罰。

3. 我們要善待自然，自然也會(huì)關(guān)照我們。

Nature

Nature is the mother of mankind. We get almost everything from her. We live on natural food. We make clothes from natural materials. And we build our houses of stone and wood. However, with the development of human beings, man has destroyed the balance of nature. Water, air and soil have been badly polluted. Some kinds of animals and plants have died out completely. As a result, man is being punished by nature. Many people suffer a lot from all kinds of diseases caused by pollution. We should treat nature well and she will look after us.

作文6

假如你是一名建筑工人(builder)，名叫李華。在修建地基時(shí)挖出一些古代文物。一部分人建議(suggest)賣(mài)掉，可以得到一些錢(qián)，但你不同意。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給China Daily的編輯寫(xiě)一封信反映此情況，闡明你的理由，并提出建議。參考詞匯：修建地基 lay a foundation of；財(cái)產(chǎn) wealth；捐贈(zèng) donate?to? Dear Editor,I’m a builder. When other builders and I laid a foundation of a building, we dug out some ancient cultural relics. At that time, some people suggested we sell them so that we could get some money. But I didn’t agree with them because I think these cultural relics are our country’s wealth. As Chinese people, we should protect them. So I told the other builders we shouldn’t sell them, because cultural relics represent a country’s culture and history. Besides, we should donate these culture relics to our country in case they might be sold abroad secretly. We shouldn’t lose them. Yours sincerely, Li Hua

作文7

假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一封信，向你的美國(guó)筆友Peter簡(jiǎn)單介紹有關(guān)乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)在中國(guó)的開(kāi)展情況。具體內(nèi)容包括：

1. 乒乓球是中國(guó)的國(guó)球。乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)在中國(guó)開(kāi)展得非常廣泛，不管是老人還是孩子，幾乎人人會(huì)打乒乓球。

2. 在中國(guó)，乒乓球臺(tái)案非常普及。不管是在公園、廣場(chǎng)，還是在工作單位，隨處都擺放著乒乓球臺(tái)案。

3. 中國(guó)乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的技術(shù)非常高。自1959年容國(guó)團(tuán)在第25屆世界乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽上取得世界冠軍后，中國(guó)產(chǎn)生過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)的乒乓球世界冠軍。

Dear Peter,

I’m very glad to know that you are a table tennis fan. So am I. Table tennis is the national ball of China. Almost everyone in China, whether old or young, can play it. The tables for playing it can be seen here and there, in parks, squares and in many working places, even at some people’s homes.The Chinese table tennis players have very excellent skills. Since 1959 when a man named Rong Guotuan won the first world champion at the 25th World Table Tennis

Championship, China has had many table tennis world champions, and the Chinese people are very proud of them.Hope one day you will come to China, and we can play a game together.Best regards.

Yours, Li Hua

作文8

假設(shè)你擁有一個(gè)名叫Allen的機(jī)器人，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，以My Own Android為

題，簡(jiǎn)要介紹你的這位機(jī)器人朋友。

1. 制造于2008年1月，身高1.5米；

2. 具備人工智能: 可以聊天、下棋(play chess)、玩游戲；

3. 幾乎會(huì)做一切家務(wù)，尤其在陪護(hù)年邁的爺爺方面令人滿意；

4. 希望能夠根據(jù)需要隨時(shí)升級(jí)（update）。 My Own Android

I have an android named Allen, which was made in January, 2008. He is about 1.5 metres in height and has artificial intelligence. This means he can talk with everyone. Sometimes we play chess or play games. Allen can do almost all the housework, such as cleaning the house and cooking the dinner, but the best thing Allen can do is that when no one is at home, he can take care of my grandpa, who is quite old now. My grandpa is satisfied with Allen’s service.

Of course, if Allen can be updated when necessary, I think, that’s much better.

作文9

假設(shè)你叫李華，你從報(bào)紙上得知世界上8種熊中有6種面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)是造成熊類(lèi)瀕危的主要原因。你決定給世界野生生物基金會(huì)（WWF）寫(xiě)信反映這一情況、提出你的建議，并希望基金會(huì)采取行動(dòng)對(duì)熊類(lèi)予以保護(hù)。參考詞匯：熊類(lèi)bear species Dear Sir or Madam,I’ve learned from a newspaper that six of eight bear species in the world are dying out. Scientists say that humans are their biggest threat because some parts of bears are very expensive as medicine. That’s one of the reasons why bears are often killed. In addition, many habitats of bears are being destroyed as a result of human activities, so bears are losing their homes.

To save bears, I think more reserves for bears should be set up so that they can live freely there. Laws should be passed to prevent people from killing bears. Please give a hand to the endangered bears. They need help to survive. Yours sincerely, Li Hua

作文10

假設(shè)你叫李華，欲與來(lái)自本校不同班級(jí)的另外4名同學(xué)組建一支樂(lè)隊(duì)，但缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)就以下情況或問(wèn)題給知名音樂(lè)人卡曾斯（Cousins）先生發(fā)一封電子郵件，以尋求幫助。

1. 成員中有三名男生和兩名女生，均喜歡流行音樂(lè)與現(xiàn)代舞蹈；

2. 每周周末排練是否足夠？初期演唱的音樂(lè)宜多元化還是一種風(fēng)格？

3. 怎樣獲得較多的表演機(jī)會(huì)？

4. 希望他能為樂(lè)隊(duì)取個(gè)名字。

Dear Mr. Cousins,Since you are a well-known musician, I’m writing this e-mail to ask you for some advice on how to form a band. I, together with two boys and two girls in different classes in our school, want to form a band. We are all fond of pop music and modern dance. I’d like to know whether we should play one kind of music or different styles to start with. And is it enough to practise only at weekends? How can we get more chances to perform? We’d appreciate it if you would come up with a name for our band.Looking forward to your reply.

Best wishes! Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

作文11

在我們國(guó)家，人們慶祝豐收的節(jié)日是中秋節(jié)（Mid-Autumn Festival），請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇120詞左右的短文向外國(guó)朋友介紹一下這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。

We Chinese celebrate our harvest festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, on the 15th of August (lunar month). The special food for this festival is mooncakes, so people also call this festival Moon Festival. Mooncakes are something like pies. There are different kinds of mooncakes, some have fruit in them, some have nuts in them, and even some have meat in them. All of them are delicious.

Just like Christmas and Thanksgiving in the West, it’s one of the most important and traditional events for us Chinese. It is also a time for family members to get together. Children come back home to have dinner with their parents. This night, the moon is round and bright. People enjoy the full moon, which is considered as a symbol of the harmony and luck.

作文12

根據(jù)下列提示要點(diǎn), 以“The Ways to Keep Healthy” 為題, 寫(xiě)一篇短文。

提示：

1. 人人都想保持健康。

2. 飲食要健康：多吃水果、蔬菜，因?yàn)樗鼈兏缓�纖維素和維生素；少吃黃油、奶酪、咖啡和巧克力，因?yàn)樗鼈兒�糖和脂肪太多，糖和脂肪使你迅速變胖�?/p>

3. 有良好的生活習(xí)慣：定期鍛煉，充足的睡眠，不要過(guò)度勞累，不抽煙等等。 The Ways to Keep Healthy

Everyone hopes to be in good health. But how? Here are some ways to keep health.First, you need a healthy diet. It is better to eat fresh fruit and vegetables because they have a lot of fibre and vitamins. Don’t eat the food which contains too much sugar and fat, like butter, cheese, coffee and chocolate. Fat and sugar make people put on weight easily.Second, good living habits are very important. You should do regular exercise to build up your body. Besides, enough rest is necessary for your health. You need 8 hours’ sleep a night and don’t work too hard. Smoking is a bad habit, so never smoke.

高一英語(yǔ)必修一的短文篇三：必修一(高一英語(yǔ))unit1-5課文原文及其譯文

必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.

Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.

Thursday15thJune, 1944

Dear Kitty,

I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.

…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…

…Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.

Yours,

Anne

第一單元 友誼Reading安妮最好的朋友

你是不是想有一位無(wú)話不談能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你，會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗蘭克想要的是第一種類(lèi)型的朋友，于是她就把日記當(dāng)成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來(lái)，否則他們就會(huì)被德國(guó)納粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了兩年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這段時(shí)間里，她唯一的忠實(shí)朋友就是她的日記了。她說(shuō)，“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友，我要把我這個(gè)朋友稱(chēng)作基蒂”。安妮自從1942年7月起就躲藏在那兒了，現(xiàn)在，來(lái)看看她的心情吧。

親愛(ài)的基蒂：

我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門(mén)的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過(guò)。自從我來(lái)到這里，這一切都變了。

??比方說(shuō)，有天晚上天氣很暖和，我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺(jué)，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓�亮了，我不敢打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)。還有一次，就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶(hù)是開(kāi)著的。我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)吹雨打，雷電交加，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚??

??令人傷心的是??我只能透過(guò)臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然，窗簾懸掛在沾滿灰塵的窗前，但觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂(lè)趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。

Using Language

Reading, listening and writing

親愛(ài)的王小姐：

我同班上的同學(xué)有件麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好，我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂(lè)意相互幫助。我們成了非常好的朋友�？墒牵�其他同學(xué)卻開(kāi)始在背后議論起來(lái)，他們說(shuō)我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛(ài)，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是我又討厭人家背后說(shuō)閑話。我該怎么辦呢？

Reading and writing

尊敬的編輯：

我是蘇州高中的一名學(xué)生。我有一個(gè)難題，我不太善于同人們交際。雖然我的確試著去跟班上的同學(xué)交談，但是我還是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時(shí)候我感到十分孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道該怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感激的。

Unit2 the Road to Modern English

At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:

British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?

American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment.

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers eiched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to. English began to be spoken in both countries.

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.

第二單元 世界上的英語(yǔ)

Reading

通向現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)之路

16世紀(jì)末期大約有5百萬(wàn)到7百萬(wàn)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，幾乎所有這些人都在英國(guó)。后來(lái)，在17世紀(jì)英國(guó)人開(kāi)始航海征服了世界其它地區(qū)。于是，許多別的國(guó)家開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。如今說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多，他們有的是作為第一語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)，有的是作為第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)。

以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。請(qǐng)看以下例子：

英國(guó)人貝蒂：“請(qǐng)到我的公寓（flat）里來(lái)看看，好嗎？”

美國(guó)人艾米：“好的。我很樂(lè)意到你的公寓（apartment）去�！�

那么，英語(yǔ)在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢？事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展，有所變化。首先，在公元450年到1150年間，人們所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)跟今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)就很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年期間，英語(yǔ)不那么像德語(yǔ)了。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語(yǔ)后來(lái)講法語(yǔ)。這些新的定居者大大豐富了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言，特別是在詞匯方面。所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大。在1620年，一些英國(guó)人搬遷到美洲定居。后來(lái)，到了19世紀(jì)，有些英國(guó)人也被送往澳大利亞，兩個(gè)國(guó)家的人都開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。

最后，到20世紀(jì)，英語(yǔ)才真正定形。那時(shí)，英語(yǔ)在拼寫(xiě)上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先，塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫(xiě)了詞典，后來(lái)，諾厄·韋伯斯特編纂了《美國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞典》，后者體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)的不同特色。 現(xiàn)在，英語(yǔ)在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語(yǔ)或第二語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)。比如說(shuō)，印度擁有眾多講英語(yǔ)很流利的人，這是因?yàn)橛��?guó)于1765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過(guò)印度。在那期間，英語(yǔ)成了官方語(yǔ)言和教育用語(yǔ)。在新加坡、馬來(lái)西亞和非洲其它國(guó)家，比如南非，人們也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。事實(shí)上，中國(guó)可能擁有世界上最多的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者。中國(guó)英語(yǔ)會(huì)發(fā)展出自己的特色嗎？這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)回答了。 Using Language

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)和方言

什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)？是在英國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說(shuō)的就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)是最好的英語(yǔ)。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽(tīng)出人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。

當(dāng)人們用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言”的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有許多方言，特別是中西部和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美國(guó)有些地區(qū)，即使是相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的兩個(gè)人所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言都可能稍有不同。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人是來(lái)自世界各地的緣故。

地理位置對(duì)方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。住在美國(guó)東部山區(qū)的一些人說(shuō)著比較古老的英語(yǔ)方言。當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人同美國(guó)西北部的人所說(shuō)的方言就幾乎相同。美國(guó)是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國(guó)。雖然許多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬遷，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e、理解彼此的方言。

Unit3

Journey Down the Mekong

My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.

I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined look -- the kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.

Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.

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