高考英語短文改錯技巧
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高考英語短文改錯技巧篇一:高考英語短文改錯 解題技巧
高考英語短文改錯
常見錯誤類型解題技巧
1. 動詞時態(tài)
每年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題,而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)(2003全國卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was...
84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized (and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk (根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.85. took
(把照片寄給你,應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)拍好的,用過去時)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷,應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在時,謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
單復(fù)數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一,改動的依據(jù)有:一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2003全國卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was,根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months (several修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半,故判斷此處year應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages (從there are 判斷應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù))
3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤范圍龐大,解答高考英語改錯題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考:1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?/p>
(1)(2004 全國卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why (復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.
78. work
(缺謂語動詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.
79. allows
(主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money,謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù))
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞,從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。
(1)(2003全國卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
80. should
(并列謂語,should多余)
(2)(2004 全國卷)Can you tell me about what I should do?85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to (情態(tài)動詞may后接動詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是連詞for是介詞,不能并列)
5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。如固定短語中的詞不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking (enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at (laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.
82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個,從高考英語改錯題的角度來看,只能從以下幾個方向出題:1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。
(1)(2004 全國卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根據(jù)句義是特指這個周末)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個男孩,應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音,應(yīng)該用an)
(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read.82. ∧the (名詞后由從句修飾時,應(yīng)使用定冠詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China
83. ∧a
7. 代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對象一致,其運(yùn)用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對象應(yīng)一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是復(fù)數(shù),后應(yīng)該用替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞的代詞。)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their (指代對象應(yīng)一致)
(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點(diǎn)是解答連詞及其相關(guān)問題的關(guān)鍵所在。
(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and (從句意可知,此處表并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and)
(2)(2004全國卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列關(guān)系,“于是、同時、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應(yīng)一致)
9. 易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞,也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)(2004全國卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy (be easy 非常容易,形容詞做表語)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)(2003全國卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible (作定語應(yīng)用形容詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯誤類型的劃分不一定很科學(xué),但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯題提供思考方法。一旦考生認(rèn)清了高考英語改錯題的特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及錯誤類型,解題時就不會盲目從事,而能做到有的放矢。
短文改錯題常見的錯誤類型
1、冠詞的多用、少用、混用。
2、名詞 的數(shù)與格的誤用。
3、主謂不一致的錯誤。學(xué)生往往容易忽視定語從句中強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致性。
4、代詞的指代不一致的錯誤。代詞的指代一致性包括人稱、數(shù)、格和性四方面的統(tǒng)一。代詞的人稱可分為第一、二、三人稱和非人稱;代詞的數(shù)分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù);代詞的格分為主格、賓格、所有格還有名詞性物主代詞;代詞的性分為陽性、陰性和中性。
5、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的誤用。多數(shù)動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、和語氣變化形式,還有上下文的時態(tài)呼應(yīng),主從句的時態(tài)一致。
6、非謂語動詞的誤用。非謂語動詞的難點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在V—ing形式和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別、V—ing形式與不定式的用法區(qū)別、以及非謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用。
7、形容詞、副詞的混用及其比較等級的誤用。形容詞一般在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞,作表語說明主語的(來自:www.huhawan.com 蒲公英文摘:高考英語短文改錯技巧)性質(zhì)、特征;而副詞的作用較復(fù)雜,常常修飾形容詞 、副詞 、介詞短語、動詞或全句。形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用現(xiàn)象:①省略不當(dāng);②自身比較;③修飾語的誤用;④than連接的兩個比較對象不一致或不平行。
8、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用。關(guān)聯(lián)詞分并列連詞 and,but,or,so,when等,從屬連詞——各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用除涉及到其基礎(chǔ)知識,還涉及至行文邏輯關(guān)系。短文改錯題慣用的命題手法是:①and,but,or,so等之間的混用;②because與so并用;③although與but并用;④why 與because并用;⑤come與go混用;⑥here與there混用。
9、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指用一連串作用和結(jié)構(gòu)相同的或相似的成份表達(dá)同一范疇或同一性質(zhì)、密切關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容。平行結(jié)構(gòu)有詞之間的平行、詞組之間的平行、句子或從句之間的平行、段落之間的平行。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的并列連詞 有and,but,or,than等。
10、成分的多與少——多一詞或少一詞。多或少的詞語,常見于冠詞、介詞、不定式標(biāo)記to等,不過有時也可能是實義詞。在短文改錯中常出現(xiàn)repeat back,serve for等錯誤。這類錯誤大多由于學(xué)生受漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響,或?qū)τ⒄Z詞義的理解不夠準(zhǔn)確造成的。
11、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法和介詞的誤用。短文改錯中涉及到固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法常常多用、少用或誤用其中的介詞,有時也涉及到其中的動詞、冠詞的錯誤搭配。
短文改錯題常見的錯誤類型剖析
1、多詞
①多冠詞。I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd。[析]sight是不可數(shù)名詞,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見”。故應(yīng)去掉a。
②多介詞。We practice for three times every week。此例中是作時間狀語的名詞短語多了介詞,故應(yīng)去掉for
③固定搭配中多詞。I was used to watch it 。此 例屬于used to do 與be used to兩個固定搭配的誤用,據(jù)句意應(yīng)去was。即“過去常!敝狻
④行文邏輯上多詞。First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first可知是剛剛開始向別人講述自己的事情,故只能說something ,而不要加more.
⑤詞義重復(fù)。I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意為“整個周末”,再加上all ,詞義重復(fù)。故去all.
⑥出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象。Today I visited the Smiths __my first time visit to an American family . 本句中first 修飾visit ,vsit 此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問”,time多余。
2、缺詞
①名詞前缺限定詞。The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語教師,故應(yīng)English teacher 前加上my ,表達(dá)一個更確切的概念。
②缺動詞不定式符號to. I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加動詞,需to,構(gòu)成固定搭配would like to do something,意為“想做某事”。
③缺系動詞。What your favorite sport ?本句缺謂語動詞,應(yīng)在What后面加is .
短文改錯的解題步驟
1、通讀短文,把握文意?焖匍喿x短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的錯誤,切忌拿到短文提筆就改。2、依據(jù)句意和語法逐句判斷。錯誤是按行設(shè)置的,但找錯不是以行為單位尋找,必須依據(jù)句意和語法分析,逐句或跨行尋找錯誤。3、先易后難,逐類排查。先找出比較明顯的錯誤,逐步縮小 錯誤的范圍。十行之中有一行是正確的。4、利用行文邏輯,突破改錯難點(diǎn)。有些行文邏輯錯誤,從詞法、句法的角度看是正確的,但是通過上下文的邏輯分析就會發(fā)現(xiàn)是錯誤的。
5、復(fù)讀短文,檢查答案,注意行文邏輯關(guān)系的正確合理。
6、嚴(yán)格按照試題要求答題,萬萬不能隨心所欲解題。
短文改錯的解題技巧
1、利用排除法進(jìn)行短文改錯,所謂“排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大意基本把握住文章整體時態(tài)的前提下,行不離句,句不離文,將句子分成若干語段,逐一排除,使錯誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行擴(kuò)散性思考,從而快速找到答案。
2、發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯誤。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個語法上相同的謂語,故應(yīng)把drank改drinking.
3、發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級,比較的對象等方面的錯誤。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根據(jù)上下文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該句含“as??as”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,所以應(yīng)在many前加上as。
4、發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)時,就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯誤。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文邏輯,應(yīng)把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英語中兩個分句之間不能僅僅用逗號,而要用合適的連詞連接。故以上兩個分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對比。
5、發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有多重結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .該句犯了連詞重復(fù)使用的錯誤,應(yīng)去掉immediately.
6、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英語中問價格時,可用what price 或how much 提問。回答時常用high price low price .所以應(yīng)把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.
7、發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時,就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯誤。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、發(fā)現(xiàn)有固定短語時,就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯誤。如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看見)是固定詞組,所以要去掉a.
高考英語短文改錯技巧篇二:高中英語短文改錯解題技巧
短 文 改 錯 技 巧
“短文改錯”題是各類考試中的一個重要題型。盡管該題難度不大,但仍有一些同學(xué)在做此類題目時不得要領(lǐng),因而得分甚少。本文結(jié)合高考試題(出處被略去),對“短文改錯”題中的常見錯誤加以分析,從中找出命題者設(shè)置錯誤的規(guī)律并介紹一些解題技巧。
名詞方面的錯誤多指名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤,名詞所有格中“’s”的誤置等。例如:
1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.
3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.
4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...
動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤;易混動詞的用法錯誤;動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤;動詞的非謂語形式,以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中,動詞方面的考查比例較大。例如:
1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...
2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.
3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.
4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.
這類錯誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞,誤用副詞修飾名詞,誤用形容詞修飾動詞,誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等,特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”。例如:
1. They came back lately and had some tea.
2.... you always gave me specially attention ...
3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.
4. Yes,it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...
5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.
短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,是否符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等,though不與but連用,because不與so連用等。
1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.
2. I became very active but made new friends.
3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.
4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.
5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.
這類錯誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用,關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用,代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用,代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用,各個不定代詞之間的誤用,反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用,代詞的指代錯誤,定語從句中多用代詞等。
1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.
2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ...
3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child,they will go hungry.
4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted ...
5. I just smiled to me and thought ...
6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.
7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.
這類錯誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語搭配的錯誤等。例如:
1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised ...
2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.
3. After autumn arrives,the city looks as an old man with leaves ...
4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ...
5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.
6. Could you share your experience for us?
7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.
這類錯誤多指a(n)與the的誤用,a與an的誤用。有時也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞,不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如:
1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the
balloon in 1784.
2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...
3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.
4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.
這類錯誤主要為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)與過去時態(tài)、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的誤用。做題時,應(yīng)注意把握文中動詞時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律,注意把握諸個并列動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。例如:
1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.
2. Today,I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.
3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”
4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.
5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.
這類錯誤主要指主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,謂語動詞形式的錯誤。因此做題時,要注意謂語動詞的形式要和句子主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
1. “I just want to know what the sign say.”
2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.
3. Here are the information about Manchester University.
4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...
主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動詞的固定搭配;及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“寫日記”.
2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此題考查it的功能,It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
要想做好“短文改錯”題,不妨試試分成“四步走”,遵循“四原則”,實施“四查法”。具
字逐行地進(jìn)行修改。
后再根據(jù)具體語境,仔細(xì)分析判斷,將注意力集中在較難的句子上。
用法要記。痪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)多分析,邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注”的口訣行事。
全文,并利用語感來做最后的判斷。
縱觀近幾年的“短文改錯”題,正確的地方只有一處;多詞和缺詞的地方約有3處;用錯詞的地方一般有6個,且多為動詞。這種比例或許也能幫助你做出最后判斷。
題要求每行只能改動一處,改動的方法可以是增詞、刪詞或換詞,但無論作何種改動,只能是增加一詞、減少一詞或把一個詞改成另一個詞。當(dāng)然,沒有錯誤的行無需改動。也就是說,每行改動之處不能超過一個。
實詞的詞義,也不能將其改換成另一個實詞,更不能隨便增刪。例如:
① The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... (把keeps改為keeping) ② Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... (把clearly改為clear)
3至4處。這些需要添、刪的詞一般都是虛詞(如冠詞、介詞等),不是實詞(如動詞、名詞等),否則會改變句子的原意。例如:
① They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... (刪去that)
② He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加in)
應(yīng)該針對短文中的用詞錯誤、語法錯誤、邏輯錯誤加以改正,不應(yīng)更改作者的原意。做到換詞不改意,加詞不增意,去詞不減意。如有多種改法,應(yīng)以保持原意為條件,擇其佳者而從之。例如:
But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… 改正:在my前加of。也有同學(xué)去掉most,這種改法雖改正了語法錯誤,但改變了原意。作者想說的是“花掉了大部分的錢,而不是全部”。
還要看該名詞前面是否缺限定詞、該用何種限定詞,尤其要查名詞前冠詞的使用情況。當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞修飾時更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把knowledges改為knowledge)
尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時間信息,仔細(xì)推敲,從而選用正確的動詞時態(tài)形式。例如: (2006天津) I gained so much confidence that I go back to school ... (把go改為went)
應(yīng)在文中使用各種啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的連詞。這些連詞能使文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上和意義上通順流暢。例如: It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把So改為But)
“理順”指行文邏輯符合人們普遍認(rèn)可的道理。例如: (NMET 2006) The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二個up改為down) 總之,強(qiáng)語言基礎(chǔ)知識的學(xué)習(xí),多做有針對性的訓(xùn)練。
高考英語短文改錯技巧篇三:2014高考英語短文改錯破題技巧
2014高考英語短文改錯破題技巧
一、解題思路(三步解題法):
第一步、快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意,順便標(biāo)記自己一眼就能看出的錯誤。
第二步、細(xì)讀文章的每一句話。一般要結(jié)合文章的前后句以及出題規(guī)律來做題。第三步、代入已經(jīng)修改完成的答案通讀全文,看其是否通順。
二、出題規(guī)律以及破解關(guān)鍵:
1.動詞:
(1)主要考察能力:時態(tài)、主謂是否一致、固定搭配。
(2)出題形式:
①時態(tài)混用
ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.講解:很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去式,因此應(yīng)把can改為could。
②主謂不一致
ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
講解:原句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù),所以應(yīng)該把were改為was。③固定搭配
ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesn‘t like the smell.
講解:give up doing sth。因此動詞somke應(yīng)該改為somking。
2.名詞:
(1)主要考察能力:單復(fù)數(shù)混用。
(2)出題形式:
單復(fù)數(shù)混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
講解:―年齡多大了‖應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式,應(yīng)此應(yīng)該把year改為years。
注意:代詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用類似。
As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.講解:顯然因該把them改為it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句話意思是―就友誼來說,我們可以很容易地從我們的同學(xué)和周圍的人中找到。‖
3.形容詞/副詞
(1)主要考察能力:兩者之間是否混用。
(2)出題形式:
形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞,該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。
①副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中
ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
講解:很明顯―與平時相比較更忙‖,因此需要把usually改為usual。
②形容詞代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中
ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, ―Come on-get going!‖
講解:原文意思是說比賽還剩一分四十二秒時,她開始興奮地叫道-----,顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly,用來修飾動詞cheer。
4.介詞
(1)主要考察能力:(特別是與動詞的)固定搭配。
(2)出題形式:
①介詞省略
ie, I‘m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
講解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思為―擺脫,除去‖
②介詞多余
ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
講解:這里顯然示對because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子,而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子。所以應(yīng)該把of去掉。
③介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配)
ie, I pick out her false hair and said, ―Don‘t be sad, Miss.‖
講解:pick out應(yīng)該為pick up。pick out挑選的意思;pick up撿起的意思。
5.連詞
(1)主要考察能力:前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系。
?既N關(guān)系:
but轉(zhuǎn)折and并列 because原因
①ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 講解:顯然原文中所要表達(dá)的意思是―我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買好多東西‖,所以應(yīng)該把but改為because/as/for。
②ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but
improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 講解:原文表達(dá)的意思是―通過網(wǎng)上聊天,學(xué)生能夠更加輕松自由地表達(dá)自己的想法和觀點(diǎn),并且如果他們同外國人交談,能夠提高他們的英語(論壇)水平!郧昂缶渲g是并列關(guān)系,因該把but改為and.
6.句式
(1)主要考察能力:常考that與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
(2)出題形式:
①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 講解:原文意思是―她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情‖,很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what。注意:這一形式是改錯常考點(diǎn)。②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 講解:原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后連個句子,這個連接詞充當(dāng)be concerned about引導(dǎo)賓語從句中的主語,所以應(yīng)該把which改為what。
7. 冠詞
(1)主要考察能力:句中冠詞是否多余
(2)出題形式:
①冠詞多余
ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o‘clock, when the game just began. 講解:區(qū)分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解決這個問題記住一句順口溜就可以了―有the是內(nèi)無the是外‖,即in the front of sth顯然是指在事物(sth)內(nèi)部空間的前面,比如說I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空間的前面,比如說the car stops in front of the house(汽車停在房前)。因此原文中應(yīng)該把the去掉。
②冠詞遺漏
As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 講解:at an ---- age固定搭配詞組,表示―出于---年齡‖,比如說at an early/tender age,可以翻譯為―很小/年幼的時候‖.
8.代詞
(1)主要考察能力:代詞是否多余,以及與反身代詞之間的混用。
(2)出題形式:
①代詞多余
ie, Don‘t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I‘m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 講解:lose heart:become discouraged泄氣;喪失勇氣;而lose one‘s heart(to sb/st):fall in love愛上;鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是―別泄氣‖。所以應(yīng)該把your去掉。一字之差,離題千里。
②代詞混用
ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 講解: 原文意思是說―我們生活在一個大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難,其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難!詰(yīng)把them改為us;把other改為others。
注意:the other表示兩者之中―另一個‖;the others表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。 ③代詞遺漏
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 講解: 應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示―使他的課堂生動有趣‖。
動詞
(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改為 lay,lie 表示―躺‖時,其過去時是 lay) (全國卷)
(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改為 seen,因為從含義上看,此處謂語應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)) (全國卷)
(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改為 kept,因此處要用被動語態(tài)) (全國卷)
(4) …and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been,因從句意上看,此處要用被動語態(tài)) (全國卷)
(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改為 come,由句意可知) (全國卷)
(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此處缺謂語動詞) (全國卷)
(7) I?d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)加 be / become) (全國卷)
(8) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或?qū)?What 改為 What?s,此句缺謂語) (全國卷)
(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (use to 改為 used to,此為習(xí)語,意為―過去經(jīng)! (全國卷)
(10) I was used to watch it every night. (去掉 was,因 used to do sth 是固定表達(dá),意為―過去常常做……‖) (全國卷)
(11) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be,此處缺謂語動詞) (安徽春季卷)
(12) Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (去掉 be,因它與其后的動詞 develop 相沖突) (北京春季卷)
(13) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉 should,因 put 和 followed 是平行結(jié)構(gòu),作并列謂語) (全國卷)
(14) As we were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有謂語動詞left,―我們離開家‖又是主動,不能再加be) (天津卷)
(15) I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上 being 或 becoming.根據(jù)后文的內(nèi)容看來,作者不是夢見老師,而是自己夢想―成為‖一名教師) (年湖北卷)
(16) Without enough knowledges,you can never learn well.(learn改為teach,因上句講―為了教好,教師不得不學(xué)‖,此句便是―沒有學(xué)問,就決不會教好‖) (年湖北卷)
主謂一致
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (was 改為 were,因先行詞 two men 是復(fù)數(shù),所以修飾該先行詞的定語從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)) (全國卷)
(2) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (give 改為 gives,它與makes 為平行結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)成并列謂語動詞) (全國卷)
(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (is 改為 are,因主語是 my picture and the prize,故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)) (全國卷)
(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改為 are,因其后的 mysteries 為復(fù)數(shù),故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)) (北京春季卷)
(5) But not allinformation are good to society. (are改為is,因為主語是不可數(shù)名詞information,表單數(shù)) (廣西卷)
(6) So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. (cost改為costs,因主語是單數(shù)a concert,根據(jù)全文用的都是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),故用一般現(xiàn)在時) (年四川卷)
(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (are改為is,因為在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be用is還是用are,由緊跟在be后的那個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定,此處no need是單數(shù),所以用is) (四川卷)
(8) …youwill probably want to join the Stamp Collectors? Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. (exist改為exists,因主語which是指the Stamp Collectors‘ Club,這是單數(shù),所以用exists) (浙江卷)
(10) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (was改為were,因為主語their parents是復(fù)數(shù),所以不用was要用were) (年福建卷)
2013高考英語單詞聯(lián)想記憶
一
adventure ;n.& vt.
:venture 冒險;投機(jī) risk; danger; adventurous adj.喜歡冒險的;充滿危險的
airplane ;n. aircraft 飛行器;飛機(jī);
disappoint ;v. 指定;委派
argue ;vi. 爭論;爭吵
discuss;
brave ;adj. 勇敢的;
care about擔(dān)心;關(guān)心care for 喜歡;
cast vt.& vi. 投擲;投射;拋 (cast,cast) 廣播
compass ;n. 羅盤;指南針pass 通過;經(jīng)過
deserted adj.
荒蕪的;荒廢的;為人所棄的; desert 沙漠; dessert甜點(diǎn);drop sb a line給某人寫信(通常指寫短信)
e-pal; ;n. pale蒼白的; e-friend;
error ;n. 錯誤;差錯;false adj. 錯誤的;fault n.錯誤false; incorrect不正確的
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