摘 要：為了探索適宜南方多雨煙區(qū)的氮肥用量和施用方式，以粵煙97為材料，通過裂區(qū)設(shè)計研究了不同施氮量和不同的基追肥比例對烤煙產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量及氮素利用率的影響，施氮量設(shè)5、9、13 kg/667m2 3個水平；基追比例設(shè)10∶0（全部基施）、7∶3、3∶7三個水平；以不施化肥處理為參照，計算氮肥利用效率。結(jié)果表明：增施氮肥可以降低烤煙總糖、還原糖含量，但能提高煙堿含量；施氮量增加，施氮方式對氮素利用率無顯著影響；氮施用量及化學(xué)氮基追比主要影響上部葉的化學(xué)成分；在南雄煙區(qū)，以9 kg/667m2的施氮量結(jié)合7∶3的基追比例進(jìn)行施肥，效果最好。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；施氮量；基追肥比例；產(chǎn)質(zhì)量；氮素利用；南雄
　　中圖分類號：S143.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2015）10-0055-06
　　Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Method on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Nanxiong Tobacco Area
　　ZHOU Xiao-feng1，2，JIN Ya-bo2，HUANG Wu2，HUANG Chong-jun2
　�。�1.Guangxi University， Nanning 530001， PRC；2.China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.， Ltd， Nanning 530001， PRC）
　　Abstract：In order to explore appropriate nitrogen application rate and method for southern rainy tobacco areas， taking Yueyan 97 as the experimental material， the study investigated the effects of different nitrogen application rates and ratios between base fertilizer and dressing on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco as well as nitrogen use efficiency through split-plot design. The nitrogen application rate was set with three levels， 75， 135， 195 kg/hm2； the ratio between chemical nitrogen base fertilizer and dressing was also set with three levels， 10∶0 （basal application）， 7∶3， 3∶7； no fertilizer was set as the control to calculate nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that increasing the nitrogen application rate could reduce the content of total sugar and reducing sugar of flue-cured tobacco， but it could also increase the nicotine content. Increasing the nitrogen application rate and using different nitrogen application methods had no significant effects on nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen application rate and the ratio between chemical nitrogen base fertilizer and dressing mainly impact the chemical composition of upper leaves. In Nanxiong tobacco area， applying nitrogen at the rate of 135 kg/hm2 and combining with the ratio between base fertilizer and dressing of 7∶3 had the best effect.
　　Key words：flue-cured tobacco； nitrogen application rate； ratio between base fertilizer and dressing； yield and quality； nitrogen utilization； Nanxiong
　　氮肥用量及施用方式對烤煙產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)及烤煙氮素吸收率有較大影響，尤其對南方煙區(qū)來說，雨水較多，肥料損失嚴(yán)重，農(nóng)民種煙成本較高。因此，研究氮肥用量及施用方式不僅能明確其與煙葉品質(zhì)之間的關(guān)系，而且對煙農(nóng)節(jié)本增收也有重要意義。
　　郭培國等[1]研究了不同施氮水平下烤煙對氮素的利用情況，結(jié)果表明，在烤煙生育期內(nèi)，隨著施氮量的增加，烤煙對肥料氮的吸收量增加，而對土壤氮的吸收量減少，土壤對肥料氮素的固定和氮肥損失量增加。秦艷青等[2]研究了不同供氮方式和施氮量對烤煙生長和氮素吸收的影響，結(jié)果表明，移栽后立即施用30%，移栽25 d后再施用70%，能夠有效滿足烤煙打頂前正常生長氮素需求。袁仕豪等[3]研究了多雨地區(qū)烤煙對基肥和追肥氮的利用率差異，結(jié)果表明，烤煙成熟前以吸收肥料氮為主，成熟期以吸收土壤氮為主，烤煙對追肥的利用率高于基肥，且適當(dāng)加大追肥比例可提高多雨地區(qū)烤煙氮肥利用率。谷世昌等[4]研究了土壤質(zhì)地、施氮量和施肥方式對烤煙生長的影響，表明施氮量為75 kg/hm2、基肥追肥比為3∶7、追肥分4個不同時期施用，最有利于氮肥的充分利用以及烤煙的品質(zhì)形成。毛家偉等[5]研究了氮用量及基追比例對烤煙生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量的影響，認(rèn)為烤煙施氮量以60 kg/hm2、施用方式以基∶追=3∶1為宜。

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