網(wǎng)式裝煙框裝煙持續(xù)緩慢升溫烘烤工藝研制與烘烤效果研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-23 來源: 感恩親情 點擊:
摘 要 為進一步提高網(wǎng)式裝煙框散葉裝煙的煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量,研究了與之相匹配的持續(xù)升溫烤香烤柔烘烤工藝(T),并與生產(chǎn)上推廣應用的烘烤工藝(CK)進行了對比試驗。結果表明,與CK相比,工藝T能顯著改善煙葉等級結構;顯著提高上等煙比例,下部葉、中部葉和上部葉分別提高294.32%、66.02%和17.89%;顯著降低下低等煙、級外煙、光滑煙和僵硬煙的比例,下部葉的下低等煙、級外煙和光滑煙分別降低39.09%、58.98%和54.56%,中部葉的下低等煙降低31.19%,上部葉的下低等煙和僵硬煙分別降低47.02%和87.59%;煙葉總糖、還原糖含量和糖堿比更適宜;香氣成分含量更高,下部葉、中部葉和上部葉分別提高5.88%、10.82%和2.92%;評吸質(zhì)量更好。因此,烤香烤柔工藝(T)能顯著改善煙葉外觀質(zhì)量、提高煙葉內(nèi)在質(zhì)量和可用性。
關鍵詞 網(wǎng)式裝煙框;持續(xù)緩慢升溫;烘烤工藝;烘烤效果
中圖分類號 TS44 文獻標識碼 A
Abstract A comparative experiment was conducted between aroma enhancement and softening curing technology (T) and the curing technology widely used (CK) to further improve the curing quality in a network loading tobacco frame. The results showed that, compared with CK, T technology could significantly improve tobacco grades. The ratio of fine tobacco of lower leaves, cutters and upper leaves increased 294.32%, 66.02% and 17.89% respectively. The ratio of lower grades, out of grade, slick and inflexible tobacco remarkably decreased, which was 39.09%, 58.98% and 54.56% correspondingly. The ratio of lower grades of cutters decreased 31.19%, and the ratio of lower grade and inflexible tobacco of upper leaves decreased 47.02% and 87.59% respectively. The total sugar, reducing sugar content and sugar nicotine ratio were more suitable. The aroma components increased for lower leaves, cutters and upper leaves by 5.88%, 10.82% and 2.92% correspondingly. The smoke panel test quality was better. So the softening curing technology (T) can significantly improve the appearance quality, inherent quality and usability of tobacco leaves.
Key words network loading tobacco frame; continuing slow rising temperature; curing technology; curing result
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2018.05.028
目前,我國密集烤房的裝煙方式已朝著多樣化方向發(fā)展,除了最普遍采用的綁(編)煙掛竿裝煙之外,有些煙區(qū)還推廣應用了散葉裝煙方式,如散葉堆積、散葉插簽裝煙、散葉煙框裝煙、散葉打捆裝煙等,有些煙區(qū)推廣應用了煙夾裝煙等[1-14]?偟膩砜,這些裝煙方式在設備成本、人工成本、烘烤效率、煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量等方面各有利弊。本研究采用筆者研制的專利產(chǎn)品—密集烤房網(wǎng)式裝煙框[15]散葉裝煙,雖然增加了一定的設備成本,但裝煙量較大,每間烤房裝煙4 500~5 000 kg,裝煙、下煙速度較快,烘烤效率高;使煙葉豎立在煙框中,在烘烤過程中煙葉只葉尖部分輕微倒伏,不影響通風排濕;由于裝煙密度較大,葉間風速適宜,有利于煙葉烤香烤柔。但網(wǎng)式煙框裝煙尚無配套烘烤工藝。煙葉在烘烤過程中發(fā)生了極其復雜的生理變化、生物化學反應、化學反應和物理變化,從而改變了煙葉的理化性狀。只有煙葉所處的工藝條件(溫度、相對濕度、烘烤時間)及其動態(tài)變化適宜,這些變化才會循序漸進地進行,才能使不利于煙葉品質(zhì)大分子物質(zhì)充分或適度降解轉(zhuǎn)化,才有利于煙葉品質(zhì)的形成與固定而烤黃、烤熟、烤香,才有利于煙葉緩慢收張而烤柔。
基于對煙葉烘烤機理的認識,為確保和提高網(wǎng)式裝煙框散葉裝煙的煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量,研究了與網(wǎng)式裝煙框裝煙相匹配的持續(xù)緩慢升溫烤香烤柔烘烤工藝,并與生產(chǎn)上的三段式烘烤工藝進行了對比試驗,以期為煙區(qū)選擇合適的裝煙方式和制定配套烘烤工藝提供借鑒,進一步提高煙葉的烘烤質(zhì)量和可用性,增加煙農(nóng)經(jīng)濟收益,確?緹熒a(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
試驗于2016年在貴州省桐梓縣花秋鎮(zhèn)進行。6間供試密集烤房的結構相同?緹熎贩N為云煙87,下部煙葉尚熟至成熟采收,中上部煙葉成熟采收。各處理各部位裝煙量相同,供取樣的煙葉相同,均裝在烤房中層烘烤。
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