摘要[目的]明確烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�病的癥狀、病因、侵染源和防治措施。[方法]通過(guò)病原形態(tài)學(xué)觀察、生物學(xué)特性觀察和ITS-PCR檢測(cè)分析，對(duì)烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�病的病原進(jìn)行鑒定，并用二氧化氯和三氯異氰脲酸對(duì)煙柄噴霧或熏蒸裝煙后的烤房，研究其對(duì)烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�病的防治效果。[結(jié)果]烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�病的病原鑒定為米根霉（Rhizopus oryzae）。利用PSA平板采集烤房?jī)?nèi)外及煙葉表面的微生物，米根霉廣泛存在于烤房?jī)?nèi)外的環(huán)境中，能在烤房?jī)?nèi)存活和積累成為重要侵染源。用二氧化氯和三氯異氰脲酸對(duì)煙柄噴霧或熏蒸裝煙后的烤房，結(jié)果顯示熏蒸法對(duì)烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�病的防治效果在62.62%～69.57%。[結(jié)論]為煙葉霉?fàn)�病的有效防治提供了理論依據(jù)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞煙葉霉?fàn)���；二氧化氯；三氯異氰脲酸；防治
　　中圖分類號(hào)S432文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2017）19-0138-05
　　Control and Infection Source of Tobacco Leaf Mildew Rot during Fluecuring Period
　　WANG Yongdong1， GU Gang2， XIAO Shun1， ZHANG Shaosheng1* et al
　　（1.College of Plant Protection， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002；2.Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350003）
　　Abstract[Objective] The aim was to explore the symptoms， causes， infection source and control ways of tobacco leaf mildew rot disease. [Method] The pathogen of tobacco leaf mildew rot disease was identified by the ITSPCR sequence analysis combined the morphological characters and biologic characters. The disinfectants chlorine dioxide and trichloroisocyanuric acid were used to control the disease by spraying to tobacco stalks and fumigation in curing barns. [Result] The pathogen was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. The microbial flora in the curing surroundings and tobacco leaf were isolated and analyzed by PSA plate culture， the results showed Rhizopus oryzae was widespread in the curing barns and their surroundings， the fungi could accumulate in the curing barns and were the important infection sources. The disinfectants chlorine dioxide and trichloroisocyanuric acid were used to control the disease by spraying to tobacco stalks and fumigation in curing barns， the disinfectants fumigation could effectively control the disease， and the control effect were up to 62.62%-69.57%. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for the control of tobacco leaf mildew rot disease.
　　Key wordsTobacco leaf mildew rot disease；Chlorine dioxide；Trichloroisocyanuric acid；Control
　　煙葉烘烤過(guò)程中常常發(fā)生烤壞煙�？緣臒煹姆N類多樣，常見(jiàn)類型有烤青煙、蒸片煙、黑糟煙、掛灰煙、洇筋洇片煙、烤紅煙；烤壞煙的主要原因與煙葉的成熟度、含水量以及烤房烘烤期間溫度和濕度失調(diào)等物理因素有關(guān)[1-2]。由微生物引起的煙葉霉?fàn)�主要發(fā)生于倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)期，病原菌主要是曲霉（Aspergillus spp.）、青霉（Penicillium spp.）、根霉（Rhizopus spp.）、毛霉（Mucor spp.），發(fā)病條件是環(huán)境濕度和煙葉含水量過(guò)高[3-5]。2010年云南省報(bào)道在大多數(shù)紅花大金元種植煙區(qū)，煙葉烘烤過(guò)程中葉柄發(fā)霉造成很大損失[6]。近幾年在福建省紅花大金元烤煙生產(chǎn)區(qū)的煙葉在烘烤變黃階段發(fā)生霉變爛葉現(xiàn)象，不少烤房損失嚴(yán)重。曾婷英等[7]對(duì)福建省烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�的病原菌進(jìn)行鑒定，首次確認(rèn)烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�是由米根霉（Rhizopus oryzae Went et Geerligs）引起的侵染性病害，將該病害命名為煙葉霉?fàn)�病。據(jù)調(diào)查烘烤期煙葉霉?fàn)�病在其他煙區(qū)也常發(fā)生，為了有效防治病害，筆者對(duì)煙葉霉?fàn)�病的侵染來(lái)源和發(fā)病條件進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，并結(jié)合實(shí)際生產(chǎn)開(kāi)展了病害防治技術(shù)研究。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：霉?fàn)� 侵染 煙葉 烘烤 防治