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5種藥材在不同郁閉度油桐林下生長(zhǎng)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-29 來(lái)源: 感恩親情 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘要:在不同郁閉度油桐林分套種玉竹、黃精、石蒜、桔梗和麥冬,測(cè)定不同藥材在不同郁閉度油桐林分地上部分鮮重增量和地下部分鮮重生長(zhǎng)情況。結(jié)果表明:油桐林分郁閉度在07以上的可套種玉竹、黃精等耐陰性藥材,郁閉度在05~07可套種石蒜和麥冬等偏中性藥材,在郁閉度小于03~05的可套種桔梗等喜光性藥材。
  關(guān)鍵詞:油桐;郁閉度;套種;藥材
  中圖分類號(hào):S794.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1004-3020(2016)05-0009-03Effect of Different Canopy Degree on the Growth of Five kinds
  of Herbs Interplanted in Vernicia fordii ForestDu Yangwen(1,2,3,4)Zeng Xiangfu(1,2,3,4)Deng Xianzhen(1,2,3,4)Li Shuanglong(5)
  (1.Hubei Academy of ForestryWuhan430075; 2.Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Woody
  OilBearing ForestWuhan430075;3.Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploiting Characteristic Resources
  in Dabie MountainsHuanggang438000;4.Hubei Key Laboratory of NonTimber Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources
  Comprehensive UtilizationWuhan430075;5.Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Forestry Research InstituteEnshi445000)
  Abstract: Polygonatum sibiricum,Platycodon sp., Ophiopogonis sp., Lyeoris radiate and Polygonatum odoratum were interplanted in the Vernicia fordii forest with different canopy degree. The growth amount of the fresh weight of the overground part and the growth rate of the fresh weight of the underground part of different herbs were surveyed. The results showed that P. odoratum and P. sibiricum which were shadetolerant were suitable for being interplanted in the V. fordii forest with the canopy degree of 0.7 ,L. radiate and Ophiopogonis sp. which were middle shadetolerant were suitable for bgeing interplanted in the V. fordii forest with the canopy degree from 0.5 to 0.7,P. sp. which were lightdemanding was suitable for being interrelated in V. fordii forest with the canopy degree from 0.3 to 0.5.
  Key words:Vernicia fordii;canopy degree;interplanted;herbs
  油桐Vernicia fordii是中國(guó)特有的木本油料樹(shù)種,主要分布在長(zhǎng)江流域及其以南地區(qū),以四川、湖南、湖北和貴州較為集中。油桐是世界上最優(yōu)質(zhì)的干性油,是重要的工業(yè)用油,是我國(guó)重要的油料出口物質(zhì)之一\[4\]。我國(guó)桐油品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,出口產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量均居世界第一[5]。
  近年來(lái),林下經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸成為山區(qū)農(nóng)民致富增收的重要途徑,對(duì)于促進(jìn)和發(fā)展地方經(jīng)濟(jì)具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。林下間作藥材可實(shí)現(xiàn)野生、半野生栽培,有利于提高藥材品質(zhì)、增強(qiáng)林地水土保持能力和增加生物多樣性等多種優(yōu)勢(shì)[6],也符合當(dāng)前生態(tài)建設(shè)需要和森林資源經(jīng)營(yíng)管護(hù)的需要[7]。林藥間作對(duì)藥材種類的選擇至關(guān)重要,做到因地制宜、因林制宜。藥材的藥效成分是在特定的氣候環(huán)境中積累形成的。如黃精、天麻等只有陰蔽、涼爽、多濕的環(huán)境才能生長(zhǎng)良好,藥效成份才能形成。本文針對(duì)不同藥材種類生長(zhǎng)所需環(huán)境的不同,開(kāi)展不同郁閉度油桐林間種適宜藥材種類篩選試驗(yàn)研究,旨在為油桐林下間種藥材選擇提供理論依據(jù)及技術(shù)支撐。
  1材料與方法
  1.1試驗(yàn)地概況
  試驗(yàn)地位于湖北省恩施州來(lái)鳳縣百福司鎮(zhèn)(東經(jīng)109°09′~109°27′,北緯29°04′~29°07′),位于湖北省恩施州西邊陲,地處鄂、湘、渝三。ㄊ校┙唤缰,全鎮(zhèn)平均海拔389 m,最高海拔1 127 m,最低海拔33990 m。土壤主要為紅壤、黃壤和沙壤。亞熱帶大陸性季風(fēng)濕潤(rùn)型山地氣候,年日照時(shí)數(shù)1 260 h,無(wú)霜期269 d ,年平均降雨量1 494 mm,年平均氣溫168 ~185 ℃ ,年極端最低氣溫-7~15 ℃,極端最高溫389 ℃,≥10 ℃積溫為5 310~3 310 ℃,無(wú)霜期293~207 d,相對(duì)濕度81%。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:林下 郁閉度 油桐 藥材 生長(zhǎng)

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