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超微粉碎技術(shù)對三種藥材粉碎效果及主要功能性成分溶出率的影響

發(fā)布時間:2019-08-29 來源: 感悟愛情 點擊:

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  摘要:對肉蓯蓉、艾葉和魚腥草3種藥材分別利用普通粉碎機與超微粉碎機常溫粉碎制得普通粉碎藥粉與超微粉碎藥粉,在掃描電子顯微鏡下觀察藥粉粉末的顯微形貌特征,并利用分光光度法或高效液相色譜法對其主要功能性成分的溶出率進行測定。結(jié)果表明,3種藥材的超微粉與普通粉相比粒度明顯變小,且大小均勻;肉蓯蓉超微粉中的毛蕊花糖苷和松果菊苷溶出率都顯著高于普通粉,而其總黃酮溶出率低于普通粉,且差異極顯著;艾葉超微粉中總黃酮溶出率高于普通粉,且差異顯著,但揮發(fā)油含量顯著低于普通粉;與魚腥草普通粉相比,魚腥草超微粉中總黃酮、槲皮苷與金絲桃苷的溶出率均顯著提高,而魚腥草素溶出率沒有顯著性差異。與普通粉相比,3種藥材超微粉的粒度變小,且較為均一;但由于藥材本身特性不同,主要功能性成分溶出率并沒有完全增加,因此在藥物生產(chǎn)實踐中應根據(jù)不同的藥材性質(zhì)與現(xiàn)實需要選擇合理的粉碎方法。
  關(guān)鍵詞:肉蓯蓉;艾葉;魚腥草;超微粉碎;功能性成分
  中圖分類號:R284.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2016)08-2039-06
  DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.08.030
  Abstract: The ordinary powder and ultrafine powder of herba cistanches, wormwood leaves and herba houttuyniae was obtained by ordinary grinder and ultrafine grinding mill at room temperature, respectively. The microscopic morphology of the medicinal powder was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the extraction rate of main functional components was determined by spectrophotometric or high performance liquid chromatography. For the three herbs, the particle size of ultrafine powder was obviously smaller and more uniform than of ordinary powder. For ultrafine powder of herba cistanche, the dissolution rate of verbascoside and echinacoside was significantly higher than ordinary powder, while the total flavonoid content was very significantly lower. For ultrafine powder of wormwood leaves, the dissolution rate of total flavonoids was significantly higher than ordinary powder, while the volatile oil content was significantly lower. For herba houttuyniae ultrafine powder, the dissolution content of total flavonoids, quercetin and hyperoside was significantly higher; while of houttuyfonate was not significantly changed. Due to the characteristics of different herbs, the dissolution rate of main functional components in ultrafine powder and ordinary powder was not the same, thus the grinding method in drug manufacturing practice should be chose depending on the target ingredients and properties of the herb.
  Key words: herba cistanches; wormwood leaves; herba houttuyniae; ultrafine grinding ; functional component
  肉蓯蓉又名金筍、地精、蓯蓉、大蕓,為列當科(Orobanchaceae)肉蓯蓉屬(Cistanche Hoffmg. et Link)植物肉蓯蓉(C.deserticola Y.C.Ma)或管花肉蓯蓉[C. tubulosa(Schenk)Wight]的干燥帶鱗葉的肉質(zhì)莖,主產(chǎn)于內(nèi)蒙古、甘肅、新疆、青海。ㄗ灾螀^(qū))等地[1]。近年來,肉蓯蓉以其獨特的醫(yī)療、保健功效在治療疾病、保障健康中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學認為肉蓯蓉具有補腎陽、益精血、潤腸通便的作用,現(xiàn)代藥理研究證明肉蓯蓉及其有效成分具有抗疲勞、抗衰老、抗腫瘤、增強機體免疫力等藥理作用,因而備受人們的關(guān)注,成為醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域研究的熱點之一[2]。艾葉是菊科(Compositae)蒿屬(Artemisia L.)植物艾草(A. argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot)的干燥葉,中醫(yī)在長期的實踐中認為艾葉性味苦、溫、辛,有逐寒濕、溫經(jīng)、理氣血、止血、安胎等功效,在臨床上主要用于各類殺蟲止癢、出血癥、內(nèi)科、婦科等疾;艾葉作為治病的藥物有二千年以上的歷史,特別是近年來對艾葉的研究逐漸深入,其應用范圍也日益拓展。魚腥草是三白草科(Saururaceae)蕺菜屬(Houttuynia Thunb.)植物蕺菜(H. cordata Thunb.)的全草,是衛(wèi)生部確認的“藥食兩用”資源之一,它在食品、藥品等方面都具有較大的開發(fā)潛力;作為食品,它富含多種維生素、礦物質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)等營養(yǎng)成分,具有良好的食用價值;作為藥品,又具有抗氧化、抑制細菌、抗病毒、抗炎癥、抗腫瘤和提高免疫力等生理功效[3]。

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