摘要：為了改善遵義地區(qū)復墾土壤肥力低、通透性差等狀況，探究適宜烤煙種植的有機肥和氮肥比例和用量，通過大田試驗研究氮肥與有機肥配施對新復墾土壤氮素及煙葉氮含量的影響。研究結果表明，施氮量促進土壤全氮含量增加效果不顯著，堿解氮含量隨施氮量增加而增加。配施有機肥對復墾土壤肥力有改善作用，在0～10 kg/667m2施氮水平內配施有機肥的處理中，土壤全氮、堿解氮含量無顯著影響。高施氮量20 kg/667m2水平上配施300 kg/667m2有機肥對復墾土壤肥力改善效果最顯著，顯著增加了成熟期全氮含量，較純施氮肥20 kg/667m2顯著提高了25.0%;也顯著增加旺長期和成熟期堿解氮含量，較純施氮肥分別顯著提高了23.6%和16.6%。在所有處理中，不施肥或不施氮肥不能滿足烤煙對氮素的需求，高施氮量配施有機肥雖然能顯著提高土壤全氮及堿解氮含量，但會降低肥料利用率，且不利于烤煙品質提高，而5 kg/667m2施氮量配施200 kg/667m2有機肥有利于烤煙充分吸收氮素，符合烤煙吸氮規(guī)律，成熟期煙葉含氮量最適宜。綜合分析得出，在5 kg/667m2施氮量基礎上配施200 kg/667m2有機肥最利于提高新復墾土壤上烤煙生長，對氮素利用效果最佳。
　　關鍵詞：烤煙;有機肥;新復墾土壤;煙葉氮含量
　　Effects of Application of Organic Fertilizers on Soil Nitrogen and Nitrogen Content of Tobacco Leaves in New Reclaimed Soil
　　LU Guang ming1，2，GOU Jian yu2，ZHANG Yuan shu2，XIE Zhi yong1，2，LIU Chang1，2，PENG Yu long2，HUANG Ying1，2*
　　（1. College of Agriculture， Guizhou University，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;2.GuizhouProvincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;3.Guizhou Tobacco Companies Zunyi County Branch， Zunyi，Guizhou 520300，China）
　　Abstract：In order to improve low soil fertility and poor permeability of reclaimed soil in Zunyi region， the proportion and amount of suitable organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting were investigated. The field experiment was undertaken to study the effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure on soil nitrogen and nitrogen content of tobacco leaves in newly reclaimed soil. The results showed that the effect of nitrogen application on the increase of total nitrogen content in soil was not significant， the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate andthe nitrogen content in tobacco leaves are positively correlated with the application rate. Combined with organic manure， application of nitrogen fertilizer could improve the soil fertility of reclaimed soil. In the combined application of organic manure with 0～10 kg/667m2 level of nitrogen fertilizer， there was nosignificant effect on soil total nitrogen content; and there was a trend of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content increased with the increase of organic manure but the increase was not obvious.The combined application of 300 kg/667m2 organic manurewith 20 kg/667m2 level of high nitrogen fertilizer had the most significant effect on the improvement of soil fertility in the reclaimed soil. It significantly increased the total nitrogen content in the maturity stage， which was 25.0% higher than that of the pure nitrogen fertilizer application at 20 kg/667m2 level. It also significantly increased the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the growing period by 23.6% and the mature period by16.6%， respectively， compared with pure nitrogen fertilizer application.In all experiments， the nitrogen demand of tobacco plants cannot be fulfilled if no fertilizer or nitrogen were applied. Although high nitrogen application combined with organic manurecould significantly increase the soil total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen， this will reduce the utilization rate of fertilizer and not conducive to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The combined application of 5 kg/667m2 level of nitrogen fertilizer with 200 kg/667m2 of organic manure is beneficial to the full absorption of nitrogen by tobacco plants， which is consistent with the uptake of flue-cured tobacco. At this combined application， nitrogen content of tobacco leaves is at the most appropriate level at maturity.The comprehensive analysis concludes that the application of 200 kg/667m2 of organic manurewith 5 kg/667m2 level of the nitrogen fertilizer is the most beneficialcombination to improve the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the newly reclaimed soil and has the best effect on nitrogen utilization.

相關熱詞搜索：氮素 煙葉 土壤 含量 有機肥