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6種紫珠屬藥材的性狀?半顯微及顯微比較鑒別研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-29 來源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:

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  摘要[目的]建立簡單易行的紫珠鑒別方法,準(zhǔn)確鑒別杜虹花等6種紫珠,保證臨床用藥的安全有效,為紫珠藥材及其中藥制劑質(zhì)量控制提供參考。[方法]采用性狀鑒定、半顯微及顯微鑒定方法對(duì)紫珠屬6種不同紫珠葉進(jìn)行鑒別。[結(jié)果]在外觀形狀方面,不同品種的紫珠形態(tài)特征較相似,但葉形、葉端、葉基、葉緣、厚薄、表面毛茸及色澤等特征有一定差異,基本可區(qū)分;在顯微特征方面,腺毛、非腺毛及草酸鈣結(jié)晶等有明顯區(qū)別。[結(jié)論]性狀鑒定方法基本可以鑒別幾種紫珠的原藥材,但個(gè)別品種難以區(qū)分;而采用半顯微及顯微鑒定方法觀察其表面制片及粉末制片的腺毛、非腺毛、結(jié)晶的形態(tài)特征以及分布特點(diǎn)等可鑒別紫珠各品種。準(zhǔn)確快速且簡便經(jīng)濟(jì)的顯微鑒定方法是鑒別紫珠屬植物藥材葉片的關(guān)鍵手段。
  關(guān)鍵詞紫珠屬植物;性狀;半顯微;顯微;鑒別
  中圖分類號(hào)S567文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼
  A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2015)16-043-06
  Comparative Research of Six Kinds of Callicarpa Medicinal Herbs in the Characters,Semi Microscopic and Microscopic Identification
  QIU Yanxiang1,CAO Man2,ZHANG Danyan2* et al (1.Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational Technical School,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510663; 2.Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006)
  Abstract [Objective] To establish a simple method for identification of Callicarpa formosana Rolfe and other five kinds of Callicarpa bodinieri and provide a reference for quality control of Callicarpa medicine to ensure the safe and effective clinical application.[Method] Six kinds of Callicarpa leaves were identified by using characters identification,semi microscopic identification and microscopic identification methods.[Result] The morphological characteristics of different kinds of Callicarpa are similar.But there are some discernible differences in leaf shape,leaf apex,leaf base,leaf margin,thickness,surface hairy and color features.In the microscopic features,glandular hairs,nonglandular hairs and calcium oxalate crystals of different Callicarpa have obvious difference.[Conclusion] Characters identification method can identify several Callicarpa medicinal herbs,while some varieties are difficult to distinguish.But different kinds of Callicarpa can be identified by using semi microscopic identification and microscopic identification methods to observe the morphological features and distribution characteristics of glandular hairs,nonglandular hairs and crystals.An accurate,rapid and economical microscopic identification method is important to identify different Callicarpa leaves.
  Key words Callicarpa; Traits; Semi microscopic; Microscopic; Identification
  基金項(xiàng)目廣東省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2010B030700067)。
  作者簡介邱燕祥(1975- ),女,廣東饒平人,副主任中藥師,從事中藥學(xué)研究。*通訊作者,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,從事中藥鑒定學(xué)研究。
  收稿日期20150413
  中藥紫珠葉及大葉紫珠分別來源于馬鞭草科紫珠屬植物的杜虹花(Callicarpa formosana Rolfe)及大葉紫珠(Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl)的葉或帶葉嫩枝,均為藥典收載。前者具有涼血收斂止血、散瘀解毒消腫,后者具有散瘀止血、消腫止痛,兩者均用于衄血、咯血、吐血、便血、崩漏、外傷出血等癥[1]。近年來市場出現(xiàn)同屬多種民間習(xí)用紫珠類中藥,原植物的形態(tài)特征較為相似,但功效不盡相同,有學(xué)者曾對(duì)紫珠屬杜虹花、尖尾楓、大葉紫珠、枇杷葉紫珠、廣東紫珠、窄葉紫珠進(jìn)行鑒別[2-3]。為準(zhǔn)確區(qū)別正品及其他習(xí)用品紫珠,筆者針對(duì)杜虹花、大葉紫珠及其他地方習(xí)用品紫珠如老鴉糊(Callicarpa girldii Hesse ex Rehd.)、枇杷葉紫珠(Callicarpa kochiana Makino)、廣東紫珠(Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun.)、窄葉紫珠(Callicarpa japonica Thunb.var.angustata Rehd.)進(jìn)行分析和鑒定,建立快速、準(zhǔn)確的鑒別方法,為確保臨床用藥安全有效、進(jìn)一步規(guī)范紫珠類中藥的臨床應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

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