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҇(gu)ϣDɫеȇ(gu)̫ܟˮҪ(yng)ԡˮښWޡĴȇ(gu)̫ܟˮϵy(tng)ҪoԴcҎ(gu)Դϵy(tng)(lin)\(yn)Уܹ(yng)ϴԡˮ߀齨ů(gu)̫ܟˮҪӾؼӟᡣ҇(gu)̫ܟˮϵy(tng)Ј(chng)ȫ̘I(y)\(yn)(gu)ҵ̫ܟˮϵy(tng)İl(f)չa(b)̓(yu)ߣδ(sh)F(xin)̘I(y)\(yn)
ʹ̫ܿ՚ӟһN^麆(jin)εĮa(chn)Ʒ(yng)СҪֲʿ(gu)ͼô(sh)(gu)ҵ̫ܟˮa(chn)ƷͶ^һ֮ϵć(gu)һNa(chn)Ʒ͞(do)a(chn)Ʒ(Ј(chng)~^90) 1.2 ϵy(tng)ѭh(hun)
ϵy(tng)ѭh(hun)ʽ̫ܟˮɷ֞Ȼѭh(hun)ϵy(tng)(qing)ѭh(hun)ϵy(tng)Լֱʽϵy(tng) 1.2.1 Ȼѭh(hun)ϵy(tng)
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Üزˮõ_P(gun)(dng)픲ĜضȺˮ²ˮ֮_(d)A(y)(sh)ֵr(sh)ˮ_ʼ\(yn)УtˮP(gun)]ֹyǷֹˮŚܵúȻѭh(hun)ϵy(tng)Śһ 1.2.3 ֱѭh(hun)ϵy(tng)
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M(jn)90Sg(sh)M(jn)I(y)Ҏ(gu)ģĔU(ku)g(sh)I(y)죬̫ܟˮγչƽ͐Ng(sh)ϵ(sh)F(xin)ˮa(chn)ƷϵлҎ(gu)a(chn)90ڣסլƷİl(f)չԼͥ(du)ˮĴL(zhng)̫ܟˮİl(f)չṩ˾Ј(chng)g
o(j)90ԁ҇(gu)̫ܟˮИI(y)10ĿL(zhng)(j)(qun)Y@ʾ1992꣬҇(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)a(chn)ֻ50fƽ2005҇(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)ͻ1500fƽ2000640fƽ2ИI(y)a(chn)ֵ150|Ԫ 2006(gu)ҽy(tng)Ӌ(j)ֵYϱЇ(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)ͻ1800fƽИI(y)a(chn)ֵ200|Ԫ2007҇(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)ͻ2300fƽ(g)̫ꖟˮИI(y)Ј(chng)N~_(d)320|Ԫ P(gun)(qun)ҽy(tng)Ӌ(j)2008a(chn)_(d)2800fƽa(chn)ֵ_(d)400|Ԫc2007ͬL(zhng)^20%гڼs1000fԪښWϷǡn(gu)|ρ100(g)(gu) Ŀǰ҇(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)ǚW24ѳɞ̫ܟˮa(chn)(gu)̫ܟˮЈ(chng)ԓa(chn)I(y)Ҳɞ҇(gu)Ωһa(chn)Ҏ(gu)ģ̎I(lng)ˮƽĿԴa(chn)I(y) 2.3̫ܟˮĿwl(f)չ
Sȫչܼ̫ܟˮa(chn)g(sh)IJԼa(chn)b(sh)F(xin)I(y)ԽԽСI(y)M(jn)̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)ټϮa(chn)I(y)Ј(chng)Ҏ(gu)ʹҎ(gu)(jng)I(yng)Ĵ̫ܟˮI(y)RСI(y)IJƽ(jng)(zhng)
(gu)H̫Ј(chng)ʼKƽ̫ܟˮЇ(gu)ƽ̫ܟˮĮa(chn)Ј(chng)~sp٣@ʹЇ(gu)̫Ј(chng)c(dng)ǰ̫Ј(chng)γ^ķ
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1(rn).ȫ̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)cg(sh)l(f)չ?fn)rʾJ.̫20072.
2S.AӓQˮƽȻѭh(hun)̫ꖟˮϵy(tng)оD.ώW(xu)TʿW(xu)λՓ,2006.
3woؑ.̫üg(sh)cl(f)չJ.Դch(hun)20074.
4_\(yn).̫ꖟˮg(sh)v()̫ꖟˮϵy(tng)J.Դ,2004(4).
5x .̫ܟüg(sh)҇(gu)(ji)еđ(yng)cչJ.c{(dio)20011(4).
6_\(yn).̫ꖟˮg(sh)v(һ)̫ꖟˮl(f)չśr֪R(sh)J.Դ,2004(1).
7ď(qing).҇(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չF(xin)չJ.Դ20024.
8.̫ܟˮИI(y)ęC(j)c(zhn)J.20099.
9ꑾS _.҇(gu)̫ܟM(jn)չJ.̫ܣ20021.
10̫(dng)̫ܟˮİl(f)չ?fn)rJ.(ji)200735(8).
11̫ܟˮxáJ.ϺӋ(j)y(c)ԇ200936(2).
12_ ־.҇(gu)̫ꖟˮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չF(xin)J.̫20031.
13½.ǰVصh(yun)Ї(gu)̫ܟˮ(gu)HЈ(chng)_l(f)J.
14_־.̫ܟˮ(ji)ܜpЧ@J.2007(11).
15Li-qun Liu,Zhi-xin Wang.The development and application practice of windCsolar energy hybrid generation systems in ChinaJ.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2009) 1504C1512.
History of the development of solar water heaters
Lai Shujun
Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083
Abstract: Solar energy industry has developed rapidly in many areas have been effectively used, and solar water heater is the fastest growing industries in China. Since 90 years, China's solar water heater after 10 years of market development, has entered the start time, and increasingly obvious conventional energy crisis, it is further accelerated the pace of development of solar water heater market. In addition, China's solar water heater industry gradually matured technology continues to improve, continuously improve product quality, several national standards for water heaters have been promulgated and implemented, market demand and competition to promote the rapid development of solar water heater industry, China has become the world's water heater the largest country in the production and consumption.
Key Words: Solar water heaters collectors The classification of solar water heaters History of developmentDevelopment impact
̫ꖵĚvʷƪЇ(gu)̫ܰl(f)չv
Ї(gu)ٶ[̫늳ذl(f)չE
Ї(gu)ԴW(wng) | 2010-12-13 11:08:00 | ԴՓ |
1958Ї(gu)_ʼƵһƬw늳ԁF(xin)^낀(g)o(j)ϺͨW(xu)̫оL(zhng)ݏ(qing)ָЇ(gu)̫늳Ҳ(jng)vˏğoСĿg܊СɆƷNƷNԼD(zhun)QЧɵ͵ߵDyx͵Ěv
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1839귨(gu)W(xu)ؐՠ״ΰl(f)F(xin)Ч(yng)1954(gu)ؐ(sh)(yn)Ƴɵһ(g)ξ̫늳1983(gu)ڼݽˮ(dng)r(sh)̫늏Sāδֹͣ^̫ꖵIJ
1969ɹ̫늳ؽM
1958҇(gu)ƳKξ
пԺԺʿпԺ댧(do)wооTռ(gu)f(gu)1957Kξ҇(gu)1958ҲƳKξSпԺ³İ댧(do)wоʽ_ʼаl(f)̫늳
аl(f)늳ҪڿgI(lng)1958굽1965g댧(do)wƳPNY(ji)늳ЧͻwM(jn)1020mm늳Чʷ(wn)15%ͬ(gu)Hˮƽ
19681969댧(do)wГ(dn)˞顰(sh)`1̖(ho)l(wi)ǡƺa(chn)̫늳ذ΄(w)ооˆTl(f)F(xin)P+/NƬ̫늳ڿg\(yn)Еr(sh)(hu)ݗ늳˥pʹ늳?z)oL(zhng)r(sh)gڿg\(yn)ǣռ(gu)ڃ(ni)6СM_ʼM(jn)l(wi)ù̫늳ݗЧ(yng)о(sh)(yn)^ڼg(sh)O(sh)ʹռ(gu)և(yn)ƂĴһֱʹֱ1978M(jn)ֲƤg(sh)ӛעռ(gu)ԺʿֱһЩɫް@һ݅ƌW(xu)Қߑ]I(xin)ƌW(xu)ӡӛ(jng)^̿P(gun)(sh)(yn)Y(ji)oоˆT@ϲռ(gu)ԺʿBNPY(ji)̫늳ؿݗյPNY(ji)늳شʮS댧(do)wˌPN늳ظĞNPͶa(chn)ěQa(chn)5690ƬNPY(ji)̫늳_(d)g(yng)ҪijƷ3350ƬAMˡ(sh)`1̖(ho)l(wi)̫늳ذa(chn)΄(w)1971ꌍ(sh)`1̖(ho)l(f)8ĉڃ(ni)̫늳ع˥15%ԓ(xing)Ŀ1978ȫ(gu)ƌW(xu)(hu)ϫ@شɹ(jing)
1969댧(do)wֹͣ˹̫늳аl(f)S18|t̖(ho)̖(ho)̖(ho)ϵеͬ܉l(wi)a(chn)̫늳ꇡ
ռ(gu)Ժʿf70ĩ҇(gu)c(gu)Hͬ_չ黯̫늳оԓ늳ؾкܸߵĹl(f)ϵ(sh)1999꣬22cm2늳صD(zhun)QЧ_(d)22
1975ꌎ_Ⱥ̫늳؏S늳칤ˇģa(chn)g늳صš̫늳صđ(yng)_ʼĿg䵽
o(j)80_ʼ҇(gu)̫늳_ʼM(jn)ѿаl(f)ڸشεչ_M(jn)չ
ݏ(qing)Bf1986(gu)Ӌ(j)ίr(nng)Դ19861990߂(g)Ӌ(j)гˡ̫늳ء}ȫ(gu)6W(xu)6(g)о_ʼM(jn)оw늳صȵо
20o(j)80ĩ(gu)(ni)ȺM(jn)˶l̫늳a(chn)ϰ댧(do)wSļôM(jn)1MWߣa(chn)ʹЇ(gu)̫늳صa(chn)ԭĎװKWǧߣһ4.5MW@Na(chn)һֱm(x)2002a(chn)tֻ2MWҡ
90ĩڞ҇(gu)̫늳ط(wn)l(f)չ(jng)^M(jn)պل(chung)̫늳a(chn)g(sh)ˇõ(wn)l(f)չa(chn)(wn)L(zhng)Mˇ(gu)(ni)Ј(chng)ҪИOijݏ(qing)f
1998꣬҇(gu)_ʼP(gun)ע̫ܰl(f)Mһ3MWྦྷ늳ؼ(yng)ϵy(tng)ʾ(xing)Ŀ@(g)ϢF(xin)ڵӢԴ˾ĶL(zhng)Bһ(dng)r(sh)̫ܮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չǰв֮Ƽsˌ(du)@һԴ(xing)Ŀsں˳rBȻ(sh)(zhng)ȡ@(g)(xing)Ŀ(f)ɞЇ(gu)̫ܮa(chn)I(y)һ(g)з
2001oaе½10MWpߣ̫늳a(chn)@óɹ20029еµһl10MW̫늳a(chn)ʽͶa(chn)a(chn)ஔ(dng)ڴǰȫ(gu)̫늳خa(chn)Ŀһe҇(gu)c(gu)Ha(chn)I(y)IJs1520051214oaе̫˾ڼ~sCȯУеµęMճҎ(gu)l(f)չġЧ(yng)(dng)Ї(gu)̫ܮa(chn)I(y)ļ(gu)(ni)̫늳صa(chn)аl(f)Ҳ?c)˿܇?/p>
Ӣ˾P(gun)ؓ(f)؟(z)˽B20031219գԓ˾(xing)Ŀʽͨ^(gu)(yn)ȫͶa(chn)a(b)҇(gu)̘I(y)a(chn)ྦྷ̫늳صĿհ
20032005ښWeǵ(gu)Ј(chng)(dng)еºͱӢm(x)U(ku)a(chn)I(y)̫늳a(chn)ʹ҇(gu)̫늳صa(chn)ѸL(zhng)Ŀǰ҇(gu)̫늳خa(chn)ռ翂a(chn)30%
ռ(gu)Ժʿָ҇(gu)̫늳P(gun)ļg(sh)аl(f)ȡһЩͻc(gu)ȿ߀һЩ࣬ҪF(xin)ڼg(sh)ˮƽa(chn)I(y)Ј(chng)l(f)չȷ磬N̫늳صČ(sh)(yn)Чʶȇ(gu)Ҫ҇(gu)ξྦྷČ(sh)(yn)Чʷքe19.8%16.5%(gu)ķքe24.8%19.8%
ңռ(gu)Ժʿʾ҇(gu)̫늳ܶO(sh)䶼Ǐć(gu)M(jn)ڣM(fi)I(y)PYԣ҂(yng)ԓӴO(sh)аl(f)Խͳɱ
Fվb̫·
2005҇(gu)_ྦྷl(f)չĻ
ྦྷ(g)̫늳خa(chn)I(y)ġ}ྦྷԭϵĶȱʹ̫늳صijɱӸ߲(yn)Ƽs̫늳خa(chn)I(y)Ј(chng)İl(f)չ
ྦྷԭϵM(jn)a(chn)g(sh)һֱ(gu)ձ(gu)ȎҪa(chn)СڷNNԭa(chn)̌(du)a(chn)I(y)ַܷ(wn)ɑ]g(sh)Ј(chng)ŔҪU(ku)a(chn)Ĝԣ@ЩI(y)]һЇ(gu)SՓg(sh)D(zhun)
й߿Ƽ˾̎(yn)ޱʾ(gu)(ni)I(y)Ҫ[Ó˵ľ棬?ྚ(ni)?аl(f)ĵ·Ӵg(sh)(chung)
(yn)Bf҇(gu)ྦྷʼ1964Ǽg(sh)ˮƽҎ(gu)ģСa(chn)Ʒκĸa(chn)ɱߡ2005֮ǰ҇(gu)a(chn)ྦྷ߀꿂a(chn)0.5
ˣ2005꣬I(y)(ni)EIλԺԺʿ(lin)(bo)й롢(gu)(w)ԺһݽhƉŔࡢ(do)YѸٽa(chn)ǧ(j)Ķྦྷa(chn)S(yn)fԺʿϕژI(y)l(f)ˏ(qing)ҷҲ(jin)҂аl(f)·ěQ
ڴ˱£ƼM(sh)ʩ863P(gun)Ӌ(j)ʮһ塱֧Ӌ(j)ȣͬr(sh)(gu)Ұl(f)ίM(sh)ʩˡϸg(sh)a(chn)I(y)ش(xing)@ྦྷa(chn)h(hun)(ji)شg(sh)y}(sh)ʩc(din)P(gun)ȡһϵйP(gun)ͮa(chn)I(y)ɹ֪R(sh)a(chn)(qun)g(sh)wϵྦྷĮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չA(dng)(qun)
2004ꖆξScЇ(gu)ɫO(sh)Ӌ(j)ԺͬMй߿аl(f)12(du)(ji)Ͷྦྷ߀ԭtԴ˞A(ch)2005(gu)(ni)һ(g)300ྦྷa(chn)(xing)ĿͶa(chn)Ķ_Ї(gu)ྦྷl(f)չĻ
(yn)f҇(gu)חla(chn)I(y)ʾһo˘I(y)(ni)ʿģһҲ(bio)־ྦྷҎ(gu)ģa(chn)g(sh)wϵγˇ(gu)ļg(sh)iЈ(chng)Ŕ
ڶྦྷἃg(sh)ϣ҇(gu)ҲȡͻĿǰձáTӹˇἃmߣܺĴh(hun)пԺϺg(sh)F(tun)(du)菽l(f)ˡM(jn)ἃ2007716֘Ʒ(jng)ձy(c)ȸ_(d)5N6N̫늳صĶྦྷ較Ҫh(yun)h(yun)99.9%ԡNС(sh)c(din)9Ĕ(sh)4Nϣ늺ĺˮķքeֻСTӹˇ1/31/10
Ŀǰ(gu)(ni)^ֶྦྷa(chn)Ț蹤ˇ@NߺܹˇȻȟoȫy̎h(hun)Ⱦ(yn)ء2008й߿ƳГ(dn)ˇ(gu)ҡ863c(din)ƼP(gun)(xing)Ŀྦྷ踱a(chn)P(gun)Ig(sh)оԓ˾ͨ^аl(f)ɹ˵͜ؼӉ仯g(sh)о(yn)BfĿǰԓ(xing)Ŀѽ(jng)1000t/a2000t/aྦྷ(xing)Ŀ\(yn)Ȼ轛(jng)^״ѭh(hun)Ɍ(sh)F(xin)ȫ
ӢŹI(y)F(xin)ڲõ¹a(chn)ྦྷ蹤ˇa(chn)ɱͬИI(y)24%a(chn)ͬ30%a(chn)ƷoȾҿȫá
ռ(gu)ԺʿQ(du)Ŀǰռ(j)Ј(chng)90%ľw̫늳vD(zhun)QЧʵߺƬıͻǽͳɱҪ;
(j)ِSP(gun)O(jin)ҦBԓ˾ĹƬ160m_(d)I(lng)ȵĮa(chn)I(y)ˮƽ
2007҇(gu)ɞa(chn)̫늳ć(gu)
(yn)ľȱʹ̫ܶ늳a(chn)O(sh)̎ͣa(chn)B(ti)ϝqľr(ji)һQʳ̫늳a(chn)̵(rn)Ҿpٌ(du)هɞ̫늳I(y)òRxǾ象Ĥ̫늳S˂@yõİl(f)չC(j)
ռ(gu)fĤ늳زùƬڲr(ji)rϳeĤ댧(do)wԴӣȽͲĺͳɱ(gu)ґ(yng)ԓҕĤ̫늳صо
Ĥ늳ҊǷǾ̫늳c̫ͨ늳ȣǾ̫늳سɱܺĵoȾȃHǰߵĶٷ֮һmc≦Y(ji)Ϙ(gu)ɉw̫ܰl(f)ϵy(tng)߀ԑ(yng)ڱyʽO(sh)
҇(gu)ķǶྦྷ̫늳оҲһl۵ĵ·1975_W(xu)_ʼM(jn)зǾ象Ĥ̫늳صоo(j)80҇(gu)(gu)_˾M(jn)һl1߷Ǿ̫늳a(chn)I(y)^ɹ2003҇(gu)Ǿ̫늳߀ֻ@һla(chn)
Ȼ߀DzЏSҳǾ̫늳I(lng)M(jn)l(f)ȡһijɹ2008걱W\(yn)(hu)gW\(yn)̫ܟˮϵy(tng)õɱF(tun)аl(f)ķǾ̫늳ؼg(sh)@N̫ܟˮԞ16800\(yn)(dng)TṩϴԡˮW\(yn)(hu)ԝMs1868ˮÿɹ(ji)1000fǧߕr(sh)
F(tun)R꿱ʾ߾ȫ֪R(sh)a(chn)(qun)ķǾ̫ܱĤ늳Ҫ䓻ԭ`ȸ܉?q)F(xin)ȫV¹Ҳճl(f)늡
Ǿ̫늳ث@^İl(f)չ(sh)(j)@ʾ2007ȫĤ̫늳خa(chn)2006181MW2007400MW҇(gu)2007ИI(y)ټs120%A(y)Ӌ(j)δ3(ni)ٸ_(d)100%
829(gu)(w)Ժ¡Ї(gu)ԴW(xu)(hu)L(zhng)ʯh(hun)ڵČþGɫؔ(ci)Ї(gu)ՓϱʾM҇(gu)2007_ʼɞa(chn)̫늳ć(gu)c(gu)߀вٵIJڸN̫늳ص_l(f)ϣ҂߀̎A(gu)ѽ(jng)˺ܴİl(f)չ҇(gu)̫늳صİl(f)չضh(yun)
@Ե˼Ǵ˕r(sh)ҪĿǰȫڽ(jng)vһ(chng)ǰδеԴ̫ҫ۵P(gun)F~^ԽЇ(gu)̫늳خa(chn)I(y)ϵĭ~(sh)(jin)IJ̤ǰ硶ɽĽY(ji)βԣȫǻ۶@ɂ(g)~Уȴϣ
ӛ
1999ӢԴ˾нԭ(gu)Ӌ(j)ί(f)(xing)ġྦྷ̫늳ؼ(yng)ϵy(tng)ʾ̡(xing)Ŀ20031219ʽͨ^(gu)(yn)ȫͶa(chn)a(b)҇(gu)̘I(y)a(chn)ྦྷ̫늳صĿհס
20029oaе¹˾һl10̫늳a(chn)ʽͶa(chn)a(chn)ஔ(dng)ڴǰ4ȫ(gu)̫늳خa(chn)Ŀͣһe҇(gu)c(gu)Ha(chn)I(y)IJs15
2004119գЇ(gu)һ_(ti)12(du)ྦྷЧ(ji)ܴ߀ԭtй߿ԇ(yn)ɹ(xing)g(sh)ָ(bio)_(d)(gu)HM(jn)ˮƽЇ(gu)(gu)ձ(gu)ȇ(gu)Ŕ20Ķྦྷa(chn)ļg(sh)
2005(gu)(ni)һ(g)300ྦྷa(chn)(xing)Ŀй轨Ͷa(chn)_Ї(gu)ྦྷl(f)չĻ
20051214oaе(gu)~sCȯɞЇ(gu)(ni)ڼ~еI(yng)߿ƼI(y)
2007е¹˾a(chn)܌^500a(chn)^300ߣN볬^100|ԪИI(y)ڶ
2007331й߿ƳГ(dn)ć(gu)863P(gun)n}24(du)(ji)Ͷྦྷ߀ԭtbͨ^ƼMČ(yn)
2007716пԺϺg(sh)F(tun)(du)аl(f)ἃa(chn)99.9999%ϼȵ̫늳عa(chn)Ʒ늺ĺˮķքeֻСTӹˇ1/31/10
20088£ِSLDKʽȫ(:www.huhawan.com ѹ Ӣ ժ:̫ꖵĚvʷ)˾̫ܶྦྷƬ(sh)Ha(chn)_(d)1000ɞȫΨһһ(g)M(jn)̫ܹИI(y)G߾㘷I(y)
2009330еع˾ڤǼg(sh)(yng)ڤ늳a(chn)a(chn)ξͶྦྷ늳D(zhun)Qʷքes19%17%
xδ̫늳
пԺԺʿҾʾˆξ衢ྦྷǾ̫늳̫늳һЩ¸½Y(ji)(gu)늳Ⱦ늳ЙC(j)Ĥ늳{Y(ji)(gu)늳صȣ@Щ늳δ10ꌢ(j)䷀(wn)ЧʺͳɱrȺM(jn)Ј(chng)
҇(gu)ƌW(xu)ҲһֱM(jn)̫늳صаl(f)ȡһɹ2004пԺxwоڴeȾ{ױĤ̫늳طȡһͻr(ji)H̫늳سɱ1/10ҹˇ(jin)ܸ(wn)ϵһ(g)ڰl(f)늵500WȾ̫늳ʾϵy(tng)
ռ(gu)ԺʿBfЧͳɱЙC(j)/oC(j)(f)ϼ{װ댧(do)w̫늳Ŀǰ(gu)Hǰаl(f)c(din)֮һײP䓎rԷǾ象Ĥ̫늳,p_ɏװbԼ(yng)I(lng)?q)ȶă?yu)c(din)
(j)Ϥ20095·ݣͶY˾c(gu)(lin)̫ܹ˾˺ͬͬͶYO(sh)a(chn)25ԷǾ象Ĥ̫늳(xing)Ŀ
c(din)x