瀘州市煙區(qū)海拔對(duì)煙葉烘烤特性及質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 美文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 為了了解瀘州煙區(qū)不同海拔高度煙葉的烘烤特性以及烤后煙葉的質(zhì)量差異,進(jìn)一步完善烘烤工藝,提高煙葉質(zhì)量,以瀘州煙區(qū)不同海拔高度的烤煙為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,設(shè)置高、中、低3個(gè)海拔高度處理,對(duì)烘烤過程中煙葉的葉片以及主脈的水分變化進(jìn)行測定,并對(duì)烤后不同等級(jí)煙葉的物理特性與化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:烘烤過程中各處理的葉片水分變化表現(xiàn)出相似的規(guī)律,在烘烤中期葉片含水率低至65%左右時(shí),葉片含水率下降迅速,之后緩慢變化,主脈水分在烘烤的前90 h主脈水分含量變化幅度較小,各處理間差異不明顯,但在烘烤的96~128 h有較大差異。不同海拔高度煙葉的單葉重以及葉片厚度有較大差異,且3個(gè)海拔的煙葉單葉重都有隨著部位的升高而增加的趨勢,其他物理指標(biāo)差異相對(duì)較小,同一海拔隨著煙葉部位的升高,鉀含量、氯含量和鉀/氯值隨部位的升高而下降,總氮、煙堿和淀粉含量呈下降趨勢。
關(guān)鍵詞 海拔;烤煙;烘烤特性;質(zhì)量;四川瀘州
中圖分類號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739(2017)01-0255-02
Effect of Altitude on Tobacco Baking Characteristics and Quality in Luzhou City
LU Ping JI Hong-fei * PENG Yong LU Lin
。↙uzhou Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Luzhou Sichuan 646000)
Abstract In order to understand the characteristics of baking tobacco and quality of flue-cured tobacco at different altitudes in Luzhou City,further improve the baking process and the quality of tobacco.This test set high,medium and low 3 altitude treatment,changes of water main veins were measured,physical characteristics and chemical composition of different grades tobacco were analyzed.The results showed that leaf water change in the baking process showed a similar rule,in the baking mid leaf water content lower than 65%,leaf water content decreased rapidly,then slow change.In the former 90 h,change of water content of main vein was smaller,the difference is not obvious,but there were great differences in 96-128 h after baking.There were significant difference on leaf weight and blade thickness of tobacco at different altitudes,differences in other physical indicators was relatively small.With the increase of tobacco leaf position,potassium and chloride content,potassium and chloride ratio,content of total nitrogen,nicotine and starch were decreased.
Key words altitude;flue-cured tobacco;baking characteristics;quality;Luzhou Sichuan
不同海拔高度對(duì)烤煙的外觀質(zhì)量、化學(xué)成分、感官品質(zhì)等都存在一定的影響,并且同一地區(qū)海拔高度對(duì)烤煙質(zhì)量的影響遠(yuǎn)大于由土壤類型等差異造成的影響[1-4]。目前,關(guān)于國內(nèi)研究普遍認(rèn)為在一定范圍內(nèi)隨著海拔高度的增加,煙葉外觀品質(zhì)得到了一定程度的改善,組織結(jié)構(gòu)也更為疏松,色澤度更為鮮明,各部位橘黃煙葉比例有所上升,油分更加充足,煙葉香氣品質(zhì)更加濃郁[5-7],化學(xué)成分更趨協(xié)調(diào)。胡國松等[8]研究表明,海拔高度對(duì)煙葉生長過程中酶的活性物質(zhì)代謝有較大影響。簡永興等[9]研究表明,在一定范圍內(nèi)隨海拔高度的提高,烤煙葉片中的多酚和類胡蘿卜素含量隨之增加。錢車[10]研究表明,在普洱煙區(qū)1 600~1 800 m的海拔高度區(qū)域內(nèi)種植煙葉取得的綜合效益最好;王世英等[11]研究表明,海拔與烤煙石油醚提取物總量呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與烤煙總煙堿及總氮含量呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。目前,關(guān)于瀘州煙區(qū)海拔高度對(duì)煙葉烘烤特性以及烤煙質(zhì)量的研究鮮見報(bào)道,因此以瀘州煙區(qū)不同海拔高的烤煙為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,設(shè)置高、中、低3個(gè)海拔高度處理,對(duì)烘烤過程中煙葉的葉片以及主脈的水分變化進(jìn)行測定,并對(duì)烤后不同等級(jí)煙葉的物理特性與化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分析,F(xiàn)將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果總結(jié)如下[12]。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
2015年在四川省瀘州市古藺縣進(jìn)行該試驗(yàn),供試烤煙品種均為云煙87,烤房為氣流下降式密集烤房,烤房的保溫、保濕性能良好,升溫排濕靈敏,裝煙3層,采用掛桿烘烤。風(fēng)機(jī)為7#軸流風(fēng)機(jī),風(fēng)機(jī)低速、高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)功率分別為1.5、2.2 kW。
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