不同菇渣營養(yǎng)土配方對(duì)煙苗及煙葉質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 美文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 為了研究不同菇渣營養(yǎng)土配方在烤煙水旱兩段式育苗的方式下對(duì)煙苗和煙葉質(zhì)量的影響,以K326烤煙為試驗(yàn)材料,考察了不同菇渣營養(yǎng)土配方對(duì)假植煙苗成活率、生物量和煙株農(nóng)藝性狀、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的影響。結(jié)果表明,水旱兩段式育苗可提高成苗期煙苗生物量,縮短移栽后煙苗緩苗時(shí)間,提高大田長勢整齊度、烤后煙葉質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀。50%菇渣+48%地表土+2%提苗肥與當(dāng)?shù)爻R?guī)處理40%火土灰+60%地表土+提苗肥45.45 g/盤均對(duì)煙苗和煙株生長的影響優(yōu)于其他處理,且差異不顯著,可相互代替。
關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;兩段式育苗;菇渣;營養(yǎng)土;農(nóng)藝性狀;產(chǎn)量;質(zhì)量
中圖分類號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739(2017)11-0001-02
Effects of Different Mushroom Residue Nutrient Soil Formula on Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Tobacco Seedings
LI Li-juan 1 FAN Shi-jun 2 * LIU Jian-feng 2 YU fa-hui 2 LI Mao-long 2 ZHANG Ke 2 LIAO Wen-guang 2
。1 Chenzhou Branch,Hunan Province Tobacco Company,Chenzhou Hunan 423000; 2 Aen Branch,Chenzhou City Company of Hunan Province Tobacco Company)
Abstract In order to study the effects of mushroom residue nutrient soil formula on the quality of the flue-cured tobacco and tobacco seedings,taking K326 as test material,effects of mushroom residue nutrient soil formula on survival rate,biomass,agronomic characters and economic characters of tobacco seedlings were measured.The results showed that the seedling through floating seeding and tray heel-in could increase biomass of the seedling,shorten the time of survival seeding after transplanting,enhance the field uniformity degree,raise economic characteristic. The effects of 50% mushroom residue+48% topsoil+2% hole applied fertilizer and local normal processing live 40% ash soil+60% topsoil+45.45 g per seedling tray on growning of the flue-cured tobacco and tobacco seedings were better than the other treatments,but the difference is not significant,so they can substitute for each other.
Key words flue-cured tobacco;two-stage seedling;mushroom residue;nutrient soil;agronomic characters;yield;quality
烤煙水旱兩段式育苗技術(shù)具有提升烤煙成苗素質(zhì)、促進(jìn)大田煙株的早生快發(fā)等優(yōu)勢[1],在郴州大面積推廣應(yīng)用。但是郴州地區(qū)兩段式托盤育苗營養(yǎng)土需燒制火土灰,燒制火土灰不僅污染環(huán)境還存在火災(zāi)隱患,且燒制火土灰的原材料混亂,收集和燒制較為困難,費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí)。而煙苗假植關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)就是假植營養(yǎng)土的配制,營養(yǎng)土在滿足土質(zhì)疏松、透氣性好、保水肥性好、養(yǎng)分含量較高、容重適中等要求外,還應(yīng)取材方便、制作容易、成本低廉[2-3]。我國菇渣資源豐富,年產(chǎn)食用菌1 000萬t,每年都會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的食用菌菇渣,這些菇渣大多作為廢棄物隨意堆放或者燒掉,不僅污染環(huán)境,還造成了資源的浪費(fèi)。本研究旨在利用郴州地區(qū)資源豐富的菇渣廢棄物堆肥發(fā)酵后制作營養(yǎng)土,以期達(dá)到降低假植成本,便于假植育苗的大面積推廣。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)地概況
試驗(yàn)于2016年在湖南省安仁縣平背鄉(xiāng)進(jìn)行,其中,漂浮育苗階段在安平鎮(zhèn)石陂育苗工場進(jìn)行,假植育苗階段和大田生長階段均在安仁縣平背鄉(xiāng)石陂村進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)田地塊地勢平坦,土層深厚,肥力均勻一致,保水保肥性能良好,土壤肥力中等。
1.2 試驗(yàn)材料
供試烤煙品種為K326;菇渣由安仁縣坪上鄉(xiāng)蘑菇生產(chǎn)基地提供,為種過香菇的木屑廢渣,將菇渣去袋后,經(jīng)過3個(gè)月發(fā)酵熟化過篩后備用;地表土采用山上的表土;提苗肥選用金葉苗肥;配制成營養(yǎng)土使用斯美地熏蒸消毒后使用;漂浮育苗采用200孔泡沫盤,兩段式假植采用52孔聚乙烯盤。煙種、育苗盤、提苗肥均由郴州市煙草公司提供。
1.3 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
菇渣發(fā)酵有機(jī)肥與地表土、提苗肥、農(nóng)家肥等按不同比例配方,與煙農(nóng)自行燒制的火土灰營養(yǎng)土對(duì)比篩選出最佳配方。設(shè)置5個(gè)配方處理,分別為處理T1:50%菇渣+48%地表土+2%提苗肥;處理T2:60%菇渣+38%地表土+2%提苗肥;處理T3:60%菇渣+20%地表土+20%腐熟豬糞;CK1:40%火土灰+60%地表土+提苗肥45.45 g/盤(當(dāng)?shù)爻R?guī));CK2:漂浮育苗直栽。3次重復(fù),隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列,每處理大田移栽小區(qū)面積100 m2。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:煙葉 配方 營養(yǎng) 質(zhì)量 影響
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