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耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌相關(guān)危險因素及防治研究進展

發(fā)布時間:2018-06-23 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊:


  [摘要] 碳青霉烯類藥物的不合理使用,導(dǎo)致碳青霉烯類藥物耐藥的菌株數(shù)量激增。碳青霉烯類耐藥菌株中,耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌占據(jù)重要比例。耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯桿菌自1997年被首次報道后,至今在全球多個國家均有報道,有些地區(qū)甚至出現(xiàn)了暴發(fā)流行。對比前幾年細菌耐藥監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),我國耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯桿菌的檢出率呈不斷上升趨勢。耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌與碳青霉烯類敏感肺炎克雷伯菌相比,具有更高的致死率。本文就流行病學(xué)現(xiàn)狀、相關(guān)危險因素、防治措施方面對耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌的研究進展進行綜述。
  [關(guān)鍵詞] 肺炎克雷伯菌;耐碳青霉烯類;危險因素;防治
  [中圖分類號] R563.1 [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2018)08-0161-04
  Research progress of relevant risk factors of carbapenems-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and its prevention and treatment
  HONG Jiali1 WU Junhua2 QIU Haiyan2
  1.The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310051, China; 2.Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China; 3.Department of Pediatric Vasculocardiology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China
  [Abstract] The ueasonable use of carbapenems has led to an explosion in the number of resistant strains of carbapenems. Among carbapenems-resistant strains, carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae accounts for a significant proportion. Carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported in many countries around the world since it was first reported in 1997. Outbreaks have appeared in some areas even. Compared with the previous years, the data of bacterial resistance surveillance showed that the detection rate of carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China was on an upward trend. Carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has a higher lethality than carbapenems-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this paper, the progress of studies on the current status of epidemiology, related risk factors, prevention and treatment measures of carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are reviewed.
  [Key words] Klebsiella pneumoniae; Carbapenems-resistant; Risk factors; Prevention and treatment
  肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae,KP)臨床檢出排名僅次于大腸埃希菌的革蘭陰性菌,是重要的條件致病菌之一。機體免疫力低下時,造成呼吸道、泌尿道、皮膚組織等多部位感染[1]。碳青霉烯類抗生素屬于非典型β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素,具有對β-內(nèi)酰胺酶高度穩(wěn)定及廣譜抗菌活性特點,是革蘭陰性桿菌嚴重感染的臨床一線藥物。但是,由于抗生素的不合理的選擇及使用,碳青霉烯類耐藥菌株數(shù)量激增。繼1997年首例耐碳青霉烯類肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,CRKP)被報道[2]。迄今,CRKP在全球多個國家均有報道,有些國家或地區(qū)甚至出現(xiàn)了暴發(fā)流行[3-5]。與碳青霉烯類敏感KP相比較,CRKP具有更高的致死率。本文將對CRKP的流行病學(xué)現(xiàn)狀、危險因素及防治措施進行綜述。
  1 CRKP的流行病學(xué)現(xiàn)狀
  1997年,有研究[2]報道了首例CRKP。目前,CRKP在世界多個國家均有報道,例如美國、英國、新加坡、中國等。2015年中國全國細菌耐藥監(jiān)測網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計顯示[6],2015年國內(nèi)共有21個不同地區(qū)的CRKP檢出率增加,耐藥菌株仍主要集中在華東地區(qū)。KP對碳青霉烯類抗生素的耐藥率平均為7.6%。對比前幾年細菌耐藥監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),我國CRKP檢出率呈不斷上升趨勢[7]。
  不同地區(qū)CRKP的定植率各有不同。Zarakolu P等[8]對土耳其某家醫(yī)院2009~2013年CRKP定植及感染情況進行回顧性分析,結(jié)果顯示CRKP定植率為6.8%(279/4105),其中有8例CRKP定植的患者發(fā)生了CRKP血流感染。該研究中定植患者年齡中位數(shù)為56.7歲,其中165例為男性。

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