摘要：隨著社會(huì)數(shù)據(jù)量的增加及數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的日益擴(kuò)大，數(shù)據(jù)作為一種“價(jià)值”被越來(lái)越多行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域承認(rèn)，數(shù)據(jù)交易需求愈加迫切。為了改變我國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)交易市場(chǎng)仍處于發(fā)展初期階段的現(xiàn)狀，使大數(shù)據(jù)在社會(huì)管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用，需要對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外大數(shù)據(jù)流通以及交易市場(chǎng)、法制建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，提升政府在整個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)交易過(guò)程中的綜合治理能力、宏觀調(diào)控作用及監(jiān)管地位，改進(jìn)和補(bǔ)充相關(guān)法律措施，并從多角度培養(yǎng)復(fù)合型人才，從而從根本入手，逐漸解決大數(shù)據(jù)交易市場(chǎng)發(fā)展中存在的供需不均問(wèn)題。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)據(jù)交易；供需不均衡；政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放；隱私保護(hù)；復(fù)合型人才
　　中圖分類號(hào)：TP3-05 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1009-3044（2018）16-0013-03
　　Discussion of Imbalance between Supply and Demand in Data Transaction—Taking the Government Data Opening as a Breakthrough Point
　　ZHANG Ming-zhuo， TANG Xin-yu， Panwen Jingxuan， LI Jia-min， LI Qian-yi
　�。⊿chool of Criminal Justice， East China University of Political Science and Law， Shanghai 201620，China）
　　Abstract： With the increase of social data and the expanding of data-required applications， data is regarded as "value" and has been acknowledged by more and more industries and fields. The demand for data transaction is becoming urgent.In order to change the status quo of the data trading market in China， which is still at the initial stage of development， and to make sure big data play its due role in social management and economic development， dialectic analysis should be made in terms of current situation and characteristics of the big data circulation globally as well as the construction of the trading market and legal system. We also need to improve the government"s comprehensive management ability， macro regulation ability and the regulatory role in the whole process of big data transaction. Relevant legal measures can be modified and supplemented， and the compound talents can be cultivated from different aspects. Fundamentally， the problem of imbalance between supply and demand in the big data trading market would be gradually solved.
　　Key words： data transaction， government data opening， privacy protection， inter-disciplinary talent
　　大數(shù)據(jù)的出現(xiàn)，促進(jìn)了數(shù)據(jù)的資源化，世界范圍內(nèi)更深層次的技術(shù)與商業(yè)變革也由此而來(lái)。早在2015年，經(jīng)由李克強(qiáng)總理簽批，國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)的《促進(jìn)大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展行動(dòng)綱要》已將大數(shù)據(jù)列入國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)性戰(zhàn)略資源，這一舉措使得數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值了然于目�；�于項(xiàng)目組對(duì)于上海大數(shù)據(jù)交易中心實(shí)地調(diào)研所得出的結(jié)論，本文將政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放度作為切入點(diǎn)，分析其中存在的問(wèn)題，提出相關(guān)可行解決措施，并就法律以及復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng)兩個(gè)層面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。
　　1 問(wèn)題概述
　　同傳統(tǒng)交易一致，數(shù)據(jù)交易也存在著供需雙方的組成，而要保證一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的連續(xù)性，供方顯然是其中的核心部分。然而，政府部門和國(guó)有企業(yè)等數(shù)據(jù)供方雖掌握著國(guó)家大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，卻由于技術(shù)水平、政策法規(guī)和體制機(jī)制等原因“不會(huì)”“不敢”或“不愿”將其公開，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)資源價(jià)值得不到應(yīng)有的體現(xiàn)，數(shù)據(jù)資源供需不均衡問(wèn)題依舊突出。目前，政府和國(guó)企已逐漸意識(shí)到其作為提供公共服務(wù)主體和產(chǎn)生大量數(shù)據(jù)資源的重要性，正嘗試數(shù)據(jù)公開和數(shù)據(jù)共享等機(jī)制的探索，但按其現(xiàn)有的緩慢開放共享速度，仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法滿足市場(chǎng)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的巨大需求。
　　2 政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放度層面
　　由政府掌握的直接和間接數(shù)據(jù)占我國(guó)總數(shù)據(jù)量的很大部分，因此，如果不從政府部門和國(guó)兩方面獲取數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)需求方就只能通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)黑市等非法途徑獲取。想要破除數(shù)據(jù)黑市，就必須在保障數(shù)據(jù)安全的條件下，提出解決辦法，依靠政府，解決政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放度低的根本原因，即“不會(huì)”“不敢”“不愿”開放數(shù)據(jù)的問(wèn)題，讓更多的數(shù)據(jù)合法流通，從而促進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)交易的發(fā)展進(jìn)步。

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