不同烘烤工藝對(duì)上部葉帶莖烘烤質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為提高上部葉的質(zhì)量和可用性,開(kāi)展了不同烘烤工藝對(duì)上部葉帶莖烘烤質(zhì)量的試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:與常規(guī)的烘烤工藝相比,烤后煙葉的顏色以橘黃為主,外觀質(zhì)量改善;烤后中上等煙比例增加了4.48%;感官質(zhì)量評(píng)吸效果有較明顯的改善,降低了刺激性和雜氣等;且烘烤耗時(shí)整體降低了11.1%。因此,改進(jìn)后上部葉帶莖烘烤工藝對(duì)提高煙葉的烘烤質(zhì)量和可用性有顯著作用。
關(guān)鍵詞: 烤煙;帶莖;烘烤工藝;烘烤質(zhì)量
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.03.008
Influence of Different Baking Process on the Baking Quality of the Upper Leaves with Stem
ZHAO Hui1,WU Feiyue2,ZHAO Jinchao3,LI Zheng2,GU Yong3,ZHANG Yonghui3,XIA Jianhua3,XIE Qiang3,XIE Yunbo3
(1.Technology Center, Tobacco Limited Company of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,China;2. College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002,China;3.Tobacco Company in Luzhou,Luzhou, Sichuan 646600,China)
Abstract: In order to improve the quality and usability of the upper leaf, the intelligent control oven was used to carry out the test of different baking processes on the upper leaves with stem. The results showed that compared with the conventional baking process, the color of tobacco after baking in orange, with improved appearance quality, and the proportion of middle and upper tobacco increased by 4.48% after baking. The sensory quality of the flue cured tobacco was significantly improved, which reduced the stimulation and the miscellaneous gas and so on, and baking time was reduced by 11.1%. The improvement of upper leaf and stem baking technology has a significant effect on improving the baking quality and usability of tobacco.
Key words: flue-cured tobacco; with stem; curing technology; flue-curing quality
上部煙葉是烤煙產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的重要組成部分,對(duì)烤煙的總體產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量都有很大的影響[1]。譚青濤等[2]認(rèn)為,目前上部葉烤后煙掛灰,雜色較為嚴(yán)重,降低了其可用性。因此,改變以往上部葉的成熟一片采收一片的方式,提出上部葉留6~7片葉帶莖砍收的方式。張永春等[3]認(rèn)為,一次性帶莖采烤上部4~6片葉,能改善煙葉的外觀質(zhì)量和中上等煙的比例等,可以明顯減少煙葉的掛灰、雜色等。汪健等[4]認(rèn)為,涼山煙區(qū)紅花大金元一次性帶莖采烤5片葉能顯著地提高上部葉外觀質(zhì)量及煙葉的評(píng)吸質(zhì)量,并降低了煙葉的烘烤成本。許自成等[5]認(rèn)為,上部煙葉帶莖烘烤能使煙葉內(nèi)含物質(zhì)充分反應(yīng),提高上部煙葉的香氣質(zhì)和香氣量等。劉勇等[6]認(rèn)為,不同生態(tài)條件下煙葉的烘烤工藝適當(dāng)?shù)母淖儯芨纳茻熑~的烘烤質(zhì)量及可用性等。本研究結(jié)合四川當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件,提出不同于傳統(tǒng)的上部葉采收方式即上部6片一次性帶莖采烤,為進(jìn)一步探索適合帶莖烘烤的密集烤房烘烤工藝,開(kāi)展密集烘烤工藝對(duì)比試驗(yàn)研究,旨在為提高煙葉的烘烤質(zhì)量提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料和方法
1.1 材 料
試驗(yàn)于2016年在四川瀘州市古藺縣進(jìn)行,試驗(yàn)材料為烤煙品種云煙87。煙苗移栽期相同,田間煙葉長(zhǎng)勢(shì)均衡一致,無(wú)病,成熟正常;土壤肥力、田間管理等基本一致。煙葉采收時(shí)上部6 片一次性砍收。試驗(yàn)所用烤箱為KCKY-A型智能控制烘烤箱,掛煙一層(由福建省烤房設(shè)備公司設(shè)計(jì)制造)。
編煙烘烤時(shí)每個(gè)智能烘烤箱裝煙10桿,每桿煙編煙120片左右。編桿后將兩個(gè)處理的煙葉裝入相應(yīng)的烘烤箱內(nèi),每個(gè)烤箱的裝煙密度大體一致,分別按照相應(yīng)的烘烤工藝進(jìn)行升溫排濕等。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
試驗(yàn)設(shè)置兩個(gè)處理:T1處理為常規(guī)烘烤工藝;T2處理為脫水烘烤工藝。T1、T2處理均采用掛桿烘烤,以當(dāng)?shù)赜薪?jīng)驗(yàn)的煙農(nóng)自行采收、編煙為主,僅以烘烤工藝為處理。烘烤過(guò)程中,每2 h對(duì)烤房干濕球溫度及煙葉狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)和記錄。相應(yīng)的烘烤工藝,如表1、2 所示。
1.3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目及方法
測(cè)量不同處理煙葉的烘烤質(zhì)量。烘烤進(jìn)行之前,稱(chēng)量記錄鮮煙的質(zhì)量及編煙的總?cè)~片數(shù)。烘烤結(jié)束之后,統(tǒng)計(jì)烤后干煙量,隨機(jī)選取40片進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀評(píng)價(jià)(根據(jù)烤煙 42 級(jí)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行[7])及外觀質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),記錄烘烤所需的時(shí)間。評(píng)分方法按照王彥亭等[8]的方法進(jìn)行。煙葉樣品的感官質(zhì)量鑒定由四川省瀘州市技術(shù)中心按國(guó)標(biāo)進(jìn)行。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:烘烤 質(zhì)量 工藝 影響 葉帶莖
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