低次煙葉中茄尼醇的超聲波輔助提取與純化
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來(lái)源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:采用超聲波輔助溶劑法對(duì)低次煙葉中茄尼醇進(jìn)行提取并通過(guò)硅膠柱層析和重結(jié)晶對(duì)其進(jìn)行純化。由正交試驗(yàn)得出超聲波輔助石油醚提取低次煙葉中茄尼醇的最佳工藝條件為溫度50 ℃,時(shí)間60 min,料液比1∶15(m/V,g∶mL),超聲波功率200 W,在此條件下,茄尼醇提取率達(dá)到0.66%。茄尼醇粗提物經(jīng)過(guò)皂化反應(yīng)含量提高了20%,皂化后產(chǎn)物通過(guò)硅膠柱層析進(jìn)行分離,純度達(dá)到81%,產(chǎn)率0.4%。此純度的茄尼醇繼續(xù)用乙醇重結(jié)晶精制,純度可達(dá)到90%,收率86%。
關(guān)鍵詞:茄尼醇;超聲波;提取;純化;低次煙葉
中圖分類號(hào):TQ914.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2014)06-1402-04
Ultrasonic-assisted Solvent Extraction and Purification of Solanesol from Inferior Tobacco Leaf
ZHANG Qi1,2,HUANG Long1,GAO Zhi-nong2,HUANG Ming1,YAO Yuan-jun1
。1. Technology Center, China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China;
2. College of chemistry and molecular sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)
Abstract: The ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction of solanesol from inferior tobacco leaf and the purification of solanesol by silica gel column chromatography and crystallization was studied. The results of the rhombic experiments showed that the optimal values of parameters for the ultrasonic-assisted petroleum ether extraction of solanesol from inferior tobacco leaf were extraction temperature 50℃, ultrasonic treatment time 60min, material-solvent ratio 1∶15(g∶mL), ultrasonic power 200W. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of solanesol reached 0.66%. The solanesol content of crude extract increased about 20% by saponification reaction. The saponated solanesol was separated by silica gel column chromatography, with the purity of separated solanesol of 81% and the productivity of 0.4%. The separated solanesol was further purified by recrystallization with ethanol, with the purity of solanesol of 90% and the yield of 86%.
Key words: solanesol; ultrasonic; extraction; purification; inferior tobacco leaf
茄尼醇是一種天然的不飽和四倍半萜烯醇[1],分子式C45H74O,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量631,為白色粉末或蠟狀固體,熔點(diǎn)33 ℃左右,易溶于正己烷、石油醚、丙酮等有機(jī)溶劑而不溶于水,對(duì)紫外光呈現(xiàn)非選擇性吸收,無(wú)旋光性。茄尼醇在化學(xué)和藥物化學(xué)中有著非常重要的作用,是泛醌類藥物中間體不可替代的成分,是合成纖維素K2的側(cè)鏈和輔酶Q10以及合成抗?jié)兯幬、抗癌藥物不可替代的天然原料[2,3]。由于茄尼醇屬長(zhǎng)鏈半萜類烯醇類化合物,其人工合成難度很大,目前只能依賴從植物葉中提取,主要是從煙草中提取獲得。1956年Rowland等[4]首先在煙草中發(fā)現(xiàn)茄尼醇,其含量占煙草干料總質(zhì)量的0.3%~3.0%。目前茄尼醇在日本、韓國(guó)、西歐及北美均有較大的銷售市場(chǎng),在國(guó)外現(xiàn)有的提取茄尼醇的技術(shù)中,工藝較為成熟的是日本專利技術(shù),但該技術(shù)存在原料成本高,生產(chǎn)能耗及三廢高等缺點(diǎn)[5]。我國(guó)煙草行業(yè)每年在種植和加工過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生大量的低次煙葉,約占總量的25%,如何從這部分低次煙葉中提取茄尼醇,降低原料成本,從而更好的利用煙草資源,具有重要的意義。
超聲波在提取天然產(chǎn)物方面的應(yīng)用已日益廣泛[6],在中藥提取方面已經(jīng)工業(yè)化。超聲波用于煙草成分的提取則有望減少溶劑耗量,縮短萃取時(shí)間,在較低的溫度下就可實(shí)現(xiàn)高的提取率。粗品茄尼醇的純化方法大致有柱層析方法、結(jié)晶、分子蒸餾技術(shù)以及分配逆流色譜等[7-10],其中柱層析方法對(duì)茄尼醇粗品中性質(zhì)相似的組分有較高的選擇性,能順利分離其他方法難于分離的組分,在茄尼醇精制過(guò)程中具有較大優(yōu)勢(shì),是切實(shí)有效的純化手段。本研究主要探討利用超聲波輔助技術(shù)提取低次煙葉中的茄尼醇,并采用硅膠柱層析結(jié)合重結(jié)晶的方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行分離純化研究,以期提高煙草資源的利用率。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料與試劑
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