羅平土壤及煙葉主要中、微量元素含量分析?
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-24 來源: 人生感悟 點擊:
摘 要:為了解云南羅平縣植煙土壤和烤煙煙葉主要中、微量元素含量情況,測定了羅平縣369個土壤和對應(yīng)C3F等級煙葉的鈣、鎂、硫、銅、鋅、鐵、錳和硼含量,并評價了豐缺狀況,分析了兩者之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,羅平土壤中鈣、鎂、銅、鋅、鐵和錳含量普遍處于豐富和很豐富的水平,而硫和硼含量相對較低,普遍處于缺和很缺的水平,羅平土壤中有效中、微量元素存在空間上的廣泛變異;烤煙生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)適當增施硼肥。煙葉中硫、銅、鋅和錳含量的平均值在適中范圍內(nèi),鐵含量較高,鈣、鎂和硼含量較低。土壤中有效中、微量元素的含量對煙葉中相對應(yīng)的中、微量元素有促進作用。土壤中交換性鎂對煙葉多種中、微量元素有促進或抑制作用,有效銅表現(xiàn)出了對鋅的促進作用和對硼的抑制作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:羅平;烤煙;土壤;中量元素;微量元素
中圖分類號:S572.06 文章編號:1007-5119(2014)03-0027-05 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2014.03.006
Abstract: The distribution characteristics and relationships of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and boron in 369 samples of soils and flue-cured tobacco (C3F) collected from Luoping were investigated. The results showed that the contents of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese were sufficient, while sulfur and boron contents were relatively insufficient. There were widely spatial variability among soil available medium and micro nutrient contents. It is suggested to apply boron fertilizer during tobacco plant growth period. The average contents of sulfur, copper, zinc and manganese were in the ranges of high quality tobacco leaf production in China, but iron content was too high and calcium, magnesium and boron contents were too low. The nutrient contents in tobacco leaves were positively correlated with the nutrient contents in soil. Soil magnesium had promoting or inhabiting effects on medium and micro nutrients in tobacco leaves. Soil copper promoted the zinc uptake but inhibited boron uptake.
Keywords: Luoping; flue-cured tobacco; soil; medium nutrient; micro nutrient
中、微量元素是煙草生長過程中不可缺少的必需元素,影響煙草生長發(fā)育和煙葉品質(zhì) [1]。鈣、鎂、硫、銅、鋅、鐵、錳和硼等是必需礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)元素或者是煙草細胞結(jié)構(gòu)和代謝化合物質(zhì)的組成成分,或者是維持正常代謝和各種酶活動所必需的,對于烤煙的生命活動至關(guān)重要[2]。煙葉中鎂含量與卷煙燃燒性有著密切的關(guān)系[3]。銅能增加煙葉中煙堿的含量[4],鎂與煙葉中煙堿含量呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系[5]。煙葉中的硼能夠改善煙葉的組織結(jié)構(gòu),從而降低煙氣中焦油含量[6]。煙葉中的鋅、錳含量對烤煙化學成分的協(xié)調(diào)性、香氣質(zhì)、香氣量和余味有一定的促進作用[7-8]。煙草生長過程中所需的中、微量元素主要是靠根部從土壤中吸收,所以土壤中有效中、微量元素的含量必然影響煙葉中、微量元素的含量[9]。云南省羅平縣是我國優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,年產(chǎn)烤煙約3.25萬t,多種植在海拔1400~2000 m范圍內(nèi),土壤類型以黃壤、紅壤和新積土為主。本項研究在羅平布置369個采樣點,分析羅平土壤有效中、微量元素的豐缺狀況,及其與煙葉中、微量元素含量的關(guān)系,以期為羅平煙區(qū)的配方施肥提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 土樣及煙樣采集
在羅平10個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)采用GPS定位技術(shù)共采集369個耕層土壤,涵括了全縣所有栽煙的自然村。土樣采集時間選擇在煙草尚未施用底肥和移栽以前,以植煙鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))為調(diào)查單位,以土壤類型、成土母質(zhì)、肥力高低、地形地貌、輪作制度、肥水管理等具有代表性的煙區(qū)作為采樣單元,盡可能保證同一采樣單元內(nèi)的均一性。平均5~15 hm2采集一個混合土樣,采用“S”取樣法,每個混合土樣取10個點以上,取樣深度0~30 cm。用四分法棄去多余部分,保留0.5 kg,經(jīng)風干、磨碎、過篩等前處理置備待測樣。
采集當年與土樣對應(yīng)地塊的C3F等級煙葉樣品,樣品等級由專職評級人員按照“GB 2635—92 烤煙”[10]標準進行評價。每個樣品取3 kg,煙樣烘干、粉碎、過0.2 mm篩,用于中、微量元素測定。
1.2 測定方法
土壤交換性鈣、交換性鎂、有效鐵、有效錳、有效銅、有效鋅含量和煙葉鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅、鋅含量均采用原子吸收分光光度法測定;土壤有效硼和煙葉硼均采用甲亞胺比色法;土壤有效硫含量和煙葉中硫采用離子色譜法[11]。
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