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改革開放以來(lái)我國(guó)老年人體育政策研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-24 來(lái)源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘 要:依據(jù)我國(guó)老年人體育政策年出臺(tái)數(shù)量的變化和走勢(shì),結(jié)合不同時(shí)期體育政策制定主體、政策內(nèi)容和社會(huì)支持主體的特點(diǎn),將我國(guó)老年人體育政策發(fā)展歷程分為政策肇始、政策探索、政策發(fā)展和政策深化4個(gè)階段。我國(guó)老年人體育政策演進(jìn)的主要特征表現(xiàn)為制定主體范圍不斷擴(kuò)大、政策的內(nèi)容更加具體和社會(huì)支持主體日益多元化3個(gè)方面,但還存在著政策制定各主體聯(lián)動(dòng)性不夠、政策制定過(guò)程中社會(huì)參與不足、政策內(nèi)容缺乏銜接性、政策內(nèi)容可操作性不強(qiáng)及政策難以調(diào)動(dòng)各社會(huì)支持主體的積極性等問(wèn)題。研究建議從加強(qiáng)跨部門多領(lǐng)域協(xié)作,擴(kuò)大社會(huì)參與老年人體育政策制定的渠道;細(xì)化政策內(nèi)容,提高政策質(zhì)量和可操作性;創(chuàng)新政策激勵(lì)機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)各社會(huì)支持主體積極參與老年人體育事業(yè);政策制定要未雨綢繆,面向未來(lái)。
  關(guān) 鍵 詞:體育管理;體育政策;老年人
  中圖分類號(hào):G80-05 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-7116(2018)02-0027-07
  A study of Chinese elderly sports policy since the reform and opening
  FAN Cheng-wen1,2,LIU Qing2
 。1.School of Physical Education,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410012,China;
  2.School of Physical Education,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412008,China)
  Abstract: According to the changing and trend of the numbers of Chinese elderly sports policies issued each year, coupled with the characteristics of Chinese elderly sports policy establishment subjects, policy contents and social support subjects in different periods, the authors divided the course of development of Chinese elderly sports policies into such 4 stages as policy initiation, policy exploration, policy development and policy deepening. The main characteristics of evaluation of Chinese elderly sports policies are embodied in such 3 aspects as constant expansion of the scope of establishment subjects, more specific policy contents, and ever increasingly diversified social support subjects, however, there are still such problems as insufficient linking between various policy establishment subjects, inadequate social participation in the process of policy establishment, lack of connection between policy contents, not high enough operability of policy contents, the policies having difficulty to arouse the enthusiasm of various social support subjects, and such. The authors put forward the following proposals: strengthen trans-department multi-area cooperation, expand the channels for social participation and elderly sports policy establishment; refine policy contents, enhance policy quality and operability; innovate on policy stimulation mechanism, encourage various social support subjects to actively participate in elderly sports undertaking; policy establishment should face the future and plan ahead; and such.
  Key words: sports management;sports policy;the elderly
  當(dāng)前,我國(guó)人口老齡化形勢(shì)非常嚴(yán)峻。據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù),截至2016年底我國(guó)60周歲及以上人口2.3億,占總?cè)丝诘?6.7%;65周歲及以上人口1.5億,占總?cè)丝诘?0.8%[1]。預(yù)計(jì)到2020年,我國(guó)老年人口將達(dá)到2.43億。在我國(guó)老齡化快速發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,少子無(wú)子家庭劇增,空巢、失能、高齡、貧困等多種現(xiàn)象疊加,各種老齡問(wèn)題短期內(nèi)同步呈現(xiàn),給社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)[2]。體育作為積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的便捷、經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效方式及老年人保持健康、延緩衰老的理想途徑,得到了政府的高度認(rèn)可并出臺(tái)了一系列相關(guān)政策來(lái)保障老年人的體育權(quán)益。所謂老年人體育政策,是指政府為了保障老年人體育權(quán)益而制定的與老年人體育發(fā)展息息相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)和計(jì)劃措施,也是黨和國(guó)家在一定歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)為保證老年人體育按著既定路線發(fā)展而制定的行為準(zhǔn)則,規(guī)定與指導(dǎo)著老年人體育發(fā)展的方向。本研究的老年人體育政策,既包括政府相關(guān)部門專門針對(duì)老年人制定的體育政策,也包括其他相關(guān)政策中關(guān)系到老年人體育的政策。通過(guò)梳理1978年改革開放以來(lái)我國(guó)相關(guān)部門出臺(tái)的老年人體育政策文本,總結(jié)老年人體育政策的發(fā)展歷程和演化特點(diǎn),剖析老年人體育政策存在的問(wèn)題,并預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)老年人體育政策的發(fā)展方向,旨在為相關(guān)部門制定和完善老年人體育政策提供參考。

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