基礎(chǔ)教育體育課程內(nèi)容改革的現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求與路徑
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-07 來源: 日記大全 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:對(duì)基礎(chǔ)教育體育課程內(nèi)容改革的現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求和路徑進(jìn)行探析。體育課程內(nèi)容的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)要基于學(xué)生的視角,為學(xué)生的健康發(fā)展實(shí)踐和創(chuàng)新課程;體育課程內(nèi)容應(yīng)貼近學(xué)生生活,使其更符合學(xué)生的心理需求和經(jīng)驗(yàn)儲(chǔ)備;體育課程內(nèi)容要擺脫偏重競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的困境;體育課程內(nèi)容的多樣化和民族化是時(shí)代發(fā)展趨勢(shì);各學(xué)段體育課程內(nèi)容缺乏銜接的狀況亟待改善等是基礎(chǔ)教育體育課程內(nèi)容改革的現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求。提出應(yīng)依據(jù)體育課程目標(biāo)精選課程內(nèi)容;制定體育課程內(nèi)容選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn);有效銜接各學(xué)習(xí)階段的體育課程內(nèi)容;開展體育課程內(nèi)容選擇的實(shí)證研究,從而構(gòu)建基礎(chǔ)教育相互銜接與遞進(jìn)的體育課程內(nèi)容體系。
關(guān) 鍵 詞:學(xué)校體育;體育課程內(nèi)容;課程改革;基礎(chǔ)教育
中圖分類號(hào):G807.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-7116(2015)05-0075-06
Abstract: The authors analyzed the realistic demands and paths for reforming the contents of physical education curriculum in basic education. The realistic demands for reforming the contents of physical education curriculum in basic education are as follows: the selection and design of physical education curriculum contents should be carried out based on the perspective of students, and the curriculum should be practiced and innovated for the healthy development of students; physical education curriculum contents should be close to students’ life, and made to fit students’ psychological needs and experience reserve better; current physical education curriculum contents should get out of the dilemma of overly emphasizing competitive sports events; the diversification and nationalization of physical education curriculum contents are the trends of development of the era; the condition of lacking a connection between physical education curriculum contents for various learning stages needs to be improved, etc. The authors proposed to select curriculum contents according to physical education curriculum objectives, establish physical education curriculum content selection standards, effectively connect physical education curriculum contents for various learning stages, and carry out the empirical study of physical education curriculum content selection, so as to build a mutually connected and gradually advanced physical education curriculum content system in basic education.
Key words: school physical education;physical education curriculum content;curriculum reform;basic education
2001年教育部頒布《基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革綱要(試行)》開啟了我國第8次基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革進(jìn)程,其核心理念是為了每一位學(xué)生的發(fā)展,這一基本的價(jià)值取向標(biāo)志著基礎(chǔ)教育課程體系的價(jià)值轉(zhuǎn)型。第8次基礎(chǔ)教育體育課程改革,亦在以人為本的思想指導(dǎo)下,倡導(dǎo)“以學(xué)生發(fā)展為中心”的課程理念,把學(xué)生的健康發(fā)展作為課程設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。新課程力求破除學(xué)科中心的桎梏,構(gòu)筑具有生活意義的課程內(nèi)容。然而,在課程改革的10多年間,部分地區(qū)和學(xué)校在選擇體育課程內(nèi)容時(shí)一直存在“穿新鞋走老路”的現(xiàn)象,體育課程內(nèi)容的改革滯后于課程理念。季瀏[1]指出,我國長(zhǎng)期以來都是按照體育學(xué)科的邏輯內(nèi)容體系,即競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)的訓(xùn)練體系編排體育課程的內(nèi)容,而且這些課程內(nèi)容體系又是成人專家設(shè)計(jì)的,造成體育課程內(nèi)容成人化、競(jìng)技化傾向十分嚴(yán)重,課程內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的實(shí)際需求并未達(dá)成一致。布勞翁認(rèn)為,教師應(yīng)該常常反躬自問兩個(gè)問題:一是關(guān)于教學(xué)內(nèi)容,學(xué)生是如何感受的;二是有什么方法可以確立教學(xué)內(nèi)容與學(xué)生生活之間的聯(lián)系[2]。因此,體育新課程應(yīng)從學(xué)生的視角選擇和構(gòu)建課程內(nèi)容。本研究對(duì)基礎(chǔ)教育體育課程內(nèi)容改革的現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求進(jìn)行闡述,并探索體育課程內(nèi)容改革的可行路徑,為進(jìn)一步深化體育與健康課程改革提供理論參考。
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