摘要：為了解煙苗對(duì)溫度的耐受能力，確定膜下煙適宜的破口溫度，開(kāi)展了田間及室內(nèi)模擬驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明，破口前膜下溫度可高出膜外10 ℃左右，煙苗長(zhǎng)期處于45 ℃以上高溫成活率明顯下降且生育期出現(xiàn)后移。未破口處理煙苗栽后35 d的株高、莖圍、葉面積指數(shù)均顯著低于40 ℃和45 ℃破口的處理，且煙葉產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值僅為40 ℃破口處理的83%左右。及時(shí)破口的煙葉總糖含量略高，糖堿比值適宜，感官評(píng)吸得分略高。40 ℃和45 ℃破口處理的烤煙整體表現(xiàn)差別不大。因此，當(dāng)膜下溫度超過(guò)45 ℃時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)破口，以防高溫灼傷煙苗。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；膜下移栽；破口溫度；成活率；品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2016）05-1212-05
　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.031
　　Effects of Different Crevasse Temperature on Growth and Quality of
　　Tobacco under Plastic Film
　　DENG Xiao-peng1， TAO Yong-ping2， YANG Yu-hong1， DUAN Yu-qi1， YANG Jun-zhang2
　�。�1. Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650021， China；
　　2. Zhaotong Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company， Zhaotong 657000， Yunnan， China）
　　Abstract： In order to investigate the tolerance ability of tobacco seedling to temperature， the field and indoor simulation experiments were conducted to determine the suitable crevasse temperature. The results showed that， the temperature under film was higher about 10 ℃ than outside before crevasse， and survival ratio of tobacco seedlings long-term exposed above 45 ℃ was decreased significantly， also the growth period of seedlings was delayed. After transplanting 35 d， the plant height， stem girth and leaf area index of tobacco seedlings which didn’t crevasse were significantly lower than 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ treatments， moreover， the yield and output value were about 83% to 40 ℃ crevasse treatment. The total sugar content in tobacco leaf crevassing timely was slightly higher， sugar nicotine ratio was appropriate， and the sensory score was slightly higher than other treatments. There was no obviously difference between 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ crevasse treatment as a whole. Therefore， when the temperature under film exceeded 45 ℃， the membrane should be crevassed timely to avoid high temperature burn of tobacco seedling.
　　Key words： flue-cured tobacco；transplanting tobacco seedling under plastic film；crevasse temperature；survival ratio； quality
　　膜下小苗移栽是近年來(lái)在云南煙區(qū)普遍推廣的烤煙栽培技術(shù)。云南是典型的立體氣候區(qū)域，冬春夏初雨水稀少，對(duì)煙葉生產(chǎn)影響很大。在有限的水分供應(yīng)條件下，確保煙苗移栽成活是保障煙葉有效供給的關(guān)鍵。2008年，云南煙區(qū)開(kāi)始嘗試烤煙膜下小苗移栽技術(shù)，不僅節(jié)水效果好，煙苗成活率高，示范推廣也取得較好的效果。研究表明，膜下移栽可以改善土壤溫度、水分及光照條件，在節(jié)本、省工、提高煙葉產(chǎn)量等方面表現(xiàn)出一定優(yōu)勢(shì)[1-3]。2010～2014年，云南各植煙州（市）累計(jì)推廣應(yīng)用面積已達(dá)40多萬(wàn)公頃，并輻射應(yīng)用到鄰近的四川、貴州等煙區(qū)。然而，膜下小苗移栽仍有不少技術(shù)問(wèn)題，如適宜的移栽時(shí)期、煙苗大小等尚未得到解決。膜下移栽一方面能夠節(jié)水保墑、促進(jìn)煙株早生快發(fā)，另一方面常會(huì)因?yàn)槟は赂邷囟�造成煙苗灼傷致死。因此，在保證膜下移栽節(jié)水保水優(yōu)勢(shì)的同時(shí)，適時(shí)進(jìn)行地膜破口尤為重要。本文從烤煙膜下移栽適宜的破口溫度為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，采用田間試驗(yàn)和室內(nèi)模擬驗(yàn)證相結(jié)合的方式，研究不同破口溫度對(duì)膜下煙生長(zhǎng)及品質(zhì)的影響，旨在為烤煙膜下移栽提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
　　1 材料與方法

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