摘 要：為探究施用枸溶性硅肥對烤煙生理指標(biāo)和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響，采用田間試驗研究了不同梯度枸溶性硅肥對烤煙抗氧化酶、質(zhì)體色素、常規(guī)化學(xué)成分影響。結(jié)果表明：（1）施用硅肥對提高烤煙葉片SOD、POD活性和降低MDA含量具有顯著影響；（2）施用硅肥對烤煙葉片葉綠素含量存在先降低后升高的趨勢，移栽后45 d逐漸提高，移栽后60 d達(dá)到最大值，以50 kg /667 m2提高葉綠素含量的作用最為顯著；施用硅肥還提高了葉片類胡蘿卜素含量，在不同生育時期均與對照存在差異；（3）施用硅肥使烤后原煙總糖、還原糖、鉀含量提高，總氮、蛋白質(zhì)、氯含量下降，改善了煙葉品質(zhì)。綜合來看，以施用量50 kg/667 m2處理的綜合效果較好。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：枸溶性硅肥；烤煙；生理指標(biāo)；煙葉品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號：S572.01 文章編號：1007-5119（2016）06-0043-06 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2016.06.008
　　Effect of a Citrate-soluble Silicon Fertilizer on Physiological Indexes and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves
　　JIA Guotao1， MA Yiqiong1， CHEN Fangquan1， FAN Yikuan2， XU Zicheng1*， BIAN Miao1， LIU Bingyang1
　�。�1. College of Tobacco Science， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou 450002， China； 2.Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company， Zhengzhou 472000， China）
　　Abstract： To explore the effect of citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer on physiological indexes and quality of flue-cured tobacco， a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different gradient of a citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer on antioxidant enzymes， pigments， and conventional chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that： （1） The silicon fertilizer significantly promoted SOD and POD activities and reduced MDA content in flue-cured tobacco. （2） The silicon fertilizer had an effect of first decreasing then increasing of chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content gradually increased 45 days and reached the maximum value on the 60th day after transplanting. The treatment applying the silicon fertilizer of 50 kg/667m2 significantly increased chlorophyll content and carotenoid content， which could be the physiological basis of improving the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco. （3） The silicon fertilizer increased the content of total sugar， reducing sugar and potassium and decreased the content of total nitrogen， protein and chlorine in flue-cured tobacco， all in favor of improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. In conclusion， the comprehensive effect of the treatment applying the silicon fertilizer of 50 kg/667m2 was better.
　　Keywords： citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer； flue-cured tobacco； physiological index； leaf quality
　　早在1840年，德國就發(fā)現(xiàn)了硅元素在作物中的作用[1]。1926年，美國提出水稻是喜硅作物，并在甘蔗等作物上施用硅肥獲得了增產(chǎn)效果，此后硅肥的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用研究受到關(guān)注[1]。研究認(rèn)為，硅元素是植物細(xì)胞壁的組成成分，植物吸收后形成硅化細(xì)胞使細(xì)胞壁加厚、角質(zhì)層增加，植物體挺拔、莖葉角度發(fā)生有益變化而起到調(diào)節(jié)植物光合與蒸騰的作用[2]；同時由于細(xì)胞壁加厚、角質(zhì)層增加，硅化細(xì)胞增強(qiáng)了對不良環(huán)境條件的抵御能力，使得植物抗病、抗逆性得到提高，在水稻、小麥、甘蔗等多種農(nóng)作物得到應(yīng)用研究和報道[3]。煙草作為一種重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，近幾年已有煙區(qū)土壤有效硅含量評價[4]、硅肥對煙葉生產(chǎn)性狀的影響[5]、水溶性硅肥在烤煙中的應(yīng)用[6]、以及全溶性硅肥對烤煙生長

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