美利堅(jiān)合眾國十三個(gè)州一致通過的獨(dú)立宣言

　 When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature"s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

　在人類歷史事件的進(jìn)程中，當(dāng)一個(gè)民族必須解除其與另一個(gè)民族之間迄今所存在著的政治聯(lián)系、而在世界列國之中取得那“自然法則”和“自然神明”所規(guī)定給他們的獨(dú)立與平等的地位時(shí)，就有一種真誠的尊重人類公意的心理，要求他們一定要把那些迫使他們不得已而獨(dú)立的原因宣布出來。

　We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. --Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

　我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他們都從他們的“造物主”那邊被賦予了某些不可轉(zhuǎn)讓的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利。為了保障這些權(quán)利，所以才在人們中間成立政府。而政府的正當(dāng)權(quán)力，則系得自被統(tǒng)治者的同意。如果遇有任何一種形式的政府變成損害這些目的的，那末，人民就有權(quán)利來改變它或廢除它，以建立新的政府。這新的政府，必須是建立在這樣的原則的基礎(chǔ)之上，并且是按照這樣的方式來組織它的權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)，庶幾就人民看來那是最能夠促進(jìn)他們的安全和幸福的。誠然，謹(jǐn)慎的心理會(huì)主宰著人們的意識(shí)，認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該為了輕微的、暫時(shí)的原因而把設(shè)立已久的政府予以變更；而過去一切的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也正是表明，只要當(dāng)那些罪惡尚可容忍時(shí)，人類總是寧愿默然忍受，而不愿廢除他們所習(xí)慣了的那種政治形式以恢復(fù)他們自己的權(quán)利。然而，當(dāng)一個(gè)政府惡貫滿盈、倒行逆施、一貫地奉行著那一個(gè)目 標(biāo)，顯然是企圖把人民抑壓在絕對(duì)專制主義的淫威之下時(shí)，人民就有這種權(quán)利，人民就有這種義務(wù)，來推翻那樣的政府，而為他們未來的安全設(shè)立新的保障。----我們這些殖民地的人民過去一向是默然忍辱吞聲，而現(xiàn)在卻被迫地必須起來改變原先的政治體制，其原因即在于此�，F(xiàn)今大不列顛國王的歷史，就是一部怙惡不悛、倒行逆施的歷史，他那一切的措施都只有一個(gè)直接的目的，即在我們各州建立一種絕對(duì)專制的統(tǒng)治。為了證明這一點(diǎn)，讓我們把具體的事實(shí)臚陳于公正的世界人士之前：

　He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

　他一向拒絕批準(zhǔn)那些對(duì)于公共福利最有用和最必要的法律。

　He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

　他一向禁止他的總督們批準(zhǔn)那些緊急而迫切需要的法令，除非是那些法令在未得其本人的同意以前，暫緩發(fā)生效力；而在這樣展緩生效的期間，他又完全把那些法令置之不理。

　He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

　他一向拒絕批準(zhǔn)其他的把廣大地區(qū)供人民移居墾殖的法令，除非那些人民愿意放棄其在立法機(jī)關(guān)中的代表權(quán)。此項(xiàng)代表權(quán)對(duì)人民說來實(shí)具有無可估量的意義，而只有對(duì)暴君說來才是可怕的。

　He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

　他一向是把各州的立法團(tuán)體召集到那些特別的、不方便的、遠(yuǎn)離其公文檔案庫的地方去開會(huì)。其唯一的目的就在使那些立法團(tuán)體疲于奔命，以服從他的指使。

　He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the

　people.

　他屢次解散各州的議會(huì)，因?yàn)檫@些議會(huì)曾以剛強(qiáng)不屈的堅(jiān)毅的精神，反抗他那對(duì)于人民權(quán)利的侵犯。

　He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

　他在解散各州的議會(huì)以后，又長時(shí)期地不讓人民另行選舉；這樣，那不可抹殺的“立法權(quán)”便又重新回到廣大人民的手中，歸人民自己來施行了；而這時(shí)各州仍然險(xiǎn)象環(huán)生，外有侵略的威脅，內(nèi)有動(dòng)亂的危機(jī)。

　He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

　他一向抑制各州人口的增加；為此目的，他阻止批準(zhǔn)“外籍人歸化法案”；他又拒絕批準(zhǔn)其他的鼓勵(lì)人民移殖的法令，并且更提高了新的“土地分配法令”中的限制條例。

　He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.

　他拒絕批準(zhǔn)那些設(shè)置司法權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的法案，借此來阻止司法工作的執(zhí)行。

　He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

　他一向要使法官的任期年限及其薪金的數(shù)額，完全由他個(gè)人的意志來決定。

　He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

　他濫設(shè)了許多新的官職，派了大批的官吏到這邊來箝制我們?nèi)嗣�，并且盤食我們的民脂民膏。

　He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the consent of our legislatures.

　在和平的時(shí)期，他不得到我們立法機(jī)關(guān)的同意，就把常備軍駐屯在我們各州。

　He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.

　他一向是使軍隊(duì)不受民政機(jī)關(guān)的節(jié)制，而且凌駕于民政機(jī)關(guān)之上。

　He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

　他一向與其他的人狼狽為奸，要我們屈伏在那種與我們的憲法格格不入，并且沒有被我們的法律所承認(rèn)的管轄權(quán)之下；他批準(zhǔn)他們那些假冒的法案來達(dá)到以下目的：

　For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

　把大批的武裝部隊(duì)駐扎在我們各州；

　For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

　用一種欺騙性的審判來包庇那些武裝部隊(duì)，使那些對(duì)各州居民犯了任何謀殺罪的人得以逍遙法外；

　For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

　割斷我們與世界各地的貿(mào)易；

　For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

　不得到我們的允許就向我們強(qiáng)迫征稅；

　For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

　在許多案件中剝奪我們在司法上享有“陪審權(quán)”的利益；

　For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

　以“莫須有”的罪名，把我們逮解到海外的地方去受審；

　For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

　在鄰近的地區(qū)廢除那保障自由的英吉利法律體系，在那邊建立一個(gè)橫暴的政府，并且擴(kuò)大它的疆界，要使它迅即成為一個(gè)范例和適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ�，以便把那同樣的專制的統(tǒng)治引用到這些殖民地來；

　For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

　剝奪我們的“憲章”，廢棄我們那些最寶貴的法令，并且從根本上改變我們政府的形式；

　For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases

　whatsoever.

　停閉我們自己的立法機(jī)關(guān)，反而說他們自己有權(quán)得在任何一切場合之下為我們制定法律。

　He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

　他宣布我們不在其保護(hù)范圍之內(nèi)并且對(duì)我們作戰(zhàn)，這樣，他就已經(jīng)放棄了在這里的政權(quán)了。

　He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

　他一向掠奪我們的海上船舶，騷擾我們的沿海地區(qū)，焚毀我們的市鎮(zhèn)，并且殘害我們?nèi)嗣竦纳�命�?/p>

　He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

　他此刻正在調(diào)遣著大量的外籍雇傭軍，要來把我們斬盡殺絕，使我們廬舍為墟，并肆行專制的荼毒。他已經(jīng)造成了殘民以逞的和蔑信棄義的氣氛，那在人類歷史上最野蠻的時(shí)期都是罕有其匹的。他完全不配做一個(gè)文明國家的元首。

　He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

　他一向強(qiáng)迫我們那些在海上被俘虜?shù)耐�胞公民們從軍以反抗其本國，充�?dāng)屠殺其兄弟朋友的劊子手，或者他們自己被其兄弟朋友親手所殺死。

　He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

　他一向煽動(dòng)我們內(nèi)部的叛亂，并且一向竭力勾結(jié)我們邊疆上的居民、那些殘忍的印第安蠻族來侵犯。印第安人所著稱的作戰(zhàn)方式，就是不論男女、老幼和情況，一概毀滅無遺。

　In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

　在他施行這些高壓政策的每一個(gè)階段，我們都曾經(jīng)用最謙卑的詞句吁請(qǐng)改革；然而，我們屢次的吁請(qǐng)，結(jié)果所得到的答復(fù)卻只是屢次的侮辱。一個(gè)如此罪惡昭彰的君主，其一切的行為都可以確認(rèn)為暴君，實(shí)不堪做一個(gè)自由民族的統(tǒng)治者。

　Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

　我們對(duì)于我們的那些英國兄弟們也不是沒有注意的。我們曾經(jīng)時(shí)時(shí)警告他們不要企圖用他們的立法程序，把一種不合法的管轄權(quán)橫加到我們身上來。我們曾經(jīng)提醒他們注意到我們在此地移殖和居住的實(shí)際情況。我們曾經(jīng)向他們天生的正義感和俠義精神呼吁，而且我們也曾經(jīng)用我們那同文同種的親誼向他們懇切陳詞，要求取消那些例行逆施的暴政，認(rèn)為那些暴政勢必特使我們之間的聯(lián)系和友誼歸于破裂。然而，他們也同樣地把這正義的、血肉之親的呼吁置若罔聞。因此，我們不得不承認(rèn)與他們有分離之必要，而我們對(duì)待他們也就如同對(duì)待其他的人類一樣，在戰(zhàn)時(shí)是仇敵，在平時(shí)則為朋友。

　We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

　因此，我們這些集合在大會(huì)中的美利堅(jiān)合眾國的代表們，吁請(qǐng)世界人士的最高裁判，來判斷我們這些意圖的正義性。我們以這些殖民地的善良人民的名義和權(quán)力，謹(jǐn)莊嚴(yán)地宣布并昭告：這些聯(lián)合殖民地從此成為、而且名正言順地應(yīng)當(dāng)成為自由獨(dú)立的合眾國；它們解除對(duì)于英王的一切隸屬關(guān)系，而它們與大不列顛王國之間的一切政治聯(lián)系亦應(yīng)從此完全廢

　止。作為自由獨(dú)立的合眾國，它們享有全權(quán)去宣戰(zhàn)、媾和、締結(jié)同盟、建立商務(wù)關(guān)系、或采取一切其他凡為獨(dú)立國家所理應(yīng)采取的行動(dòng)和事宜。為了擁護(hù)此項(xiàng)“宣言”，懷著深信神明福佑的信心，我們謹(jǐn)以我們的生命、財(cái)產(chǎn)和神圣的榮譽(yù)互相共同保證，永誓無貳。

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